Tucunaré-açu

Como ler uma infocaixa de taxonomiaTucunaré-açu

Classificação científica
Reino: Animalia
Filo: Chordata
Classe: Actinopterygii
Ordem: Perciformes
Família: Cichlidae
Subfamília: Cichlinae
Género: Cichla
Nome binomial
Cichla temensis

Cichla temensis ou Tucunaré-açu é um tipo de tucunaré da América do Sul. Alcançando até 1 metro de comprimento e 13 quilos em peso, é o maior ciclídeo das Américas e talvez o maior ciclídeo existente no mundo,[1] sendo comparável em tamanho apenas ao ciclídeo gigante de Tanganica, Boulengerochromis microlepis.[2]

Distribuição

C. temensis é nativo das bacias do Orinoco e do Rio Negro, bem como de vários rios menores na Amazônia central (Uatumã, Preto da Eva, Puraquequara e Tefé ), no Brasil, Venezuela e Guiana.[3] Em sua distribuição nativa, é essencialmente restrito aos rios de água negra e seus afluentes.[3]

Tentativas de introdução foram feitas fora de suas áreas nativa, mas não conseguiu se estabelecer na Flórida ou no Texas.[4] Em contraste, proliferou bem em Singapura.[5]

Aparência

C. temensis se assemelha a outras espécies de tucunarés, mas geralmente é mais alongado e delgado em forma.[3]Os adultos são altamente variáveis no padrão de cor, o que historicamente causou alguns problemas, com alguns especulando que as variantes fossem espécies separadas ou machos / fêmeas.[6] Somente em 2012 foi firmemente estabelecido que os indivíduos escuros com um padrão denso pontilhado claro são os não reprodutores, enquanto os adultos reprodutores são de cor verde-oliva dourada e não têm as manchas claras, e sim três barras largas e escuras em seus corpos.[6] Durante a época de reprodução, alguns machos também desenvolvem uma testa bulbosa. Entre os dois extremos estão vários padrões intermediários.[6] Nenhuma outra espécie de tucunaré conhecida apresenta variações tão extremas entre os adultos.[6]

Referências

  1. ↑ Reis, P. (2015), Aspects of life history of Cichla temensis (Perciformes: Cichlidae) and its relationship to the Amazon basin's flood pulse, Rutgers University 
  2. ↑ «The 10 biggest cichlids». Practical Fishkeeping. 13 de junho de 2016. Consultado em 17 de outubro de 2017 
  3. ↑ a b c Kullander, Sven; Efrem Ferreira (2006). «A review of the South American cichlid genus Cichla, with descriptions of nine new species (Teleostei: Cichlidae)». Ichthyological Explorations of Freshwaters. 17 (4) 
  4. ↑ Nico, L. (2011). Cichla temensis. USGS Nonindigenous Aquatic Species Database, Gainesville, FL
  5. ↑ «Peacock Bass (introduced)». Ecology Asia. Consultado em 17 de outubro de 2017 
  6. ↑ a b c d Reiss, P.; K.W. Able; M.S. Nunes; and T. Hrbek (2012). «Color pattern variation in Cichla temensis (Perciformes: Cichlidae): resolution based on morphological, molecular, and reproductive data». Neotrop. Ichthyol. 10 (1): 59–70. doi:10.1590/S1679-62252012000100006 

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