Três Hierarcas Sagrados

Três Hierarcas Sagrados
Três Hierarcas Sagrados Ícone russo do século XVI, anônimo, em Pskov.
Pais entre os Santos
Nascimento	330 (Basílio) 349 (João) 329 (Gregório)
Morte	379 (Basílio) 407 (João) 389 (Gregório)
Veneração por	Igreja Ortodoxa Igrejas Orientais Católicas
Festa litúrgica	30 de janeiro
Atribuições	vestes de bispo com o omofório; erguendo a mão direita em posição de abençoar; segurando livros ou rolos do Evangelho.
Portal dos Santos

Os Três Hierarcas Sagrados (em grego: Οι Τρείς Ιεράρχες) do Cristianismo oriental se referem à Basílio Magno (conhecido como Basílio de Cesareia), Gregório de Nazianzo (Gregório, o Teólogo) e São João Crisóstomo. Eles foram bispos muito influentes durante o Cristianismo primitivo e tiveram papéis fundamentais na formação da teologia cristã. No oriente, eles são também conhecidos como Três Grandes Hierarcas e Professores Ecumênicos, enquanto que no Catolicismo ocidental, os três são honrados como Doutores da Igreja. Os três são venerados como santos pelas Igrejas Católicas e Ortodoxas; bem como no protestantismo, a exemplo do anglicanismo e por uma série de outras seitas.

Origens do termo

Houve muitas disputas no século XI d.C. em Constantinopla sobre qual dos três hierarcas seria o maior. Alguns argumentavam que Basílio era superior aos outros dois por causa de suas explicações da fé cristã e o exemplo monástico. Os que apoiavam João Crisóstomo argumentavam que o arcebispo de Constantinopla, dito "Boca de Ouro" (em grego: Χρυσόστομος), não tinha pares tanto na eloquência quanto na capacidade de trazer de volta os pecadores para a fé. Um terceiro grpo insistia que o bom amigo de Basílio, Gregório, o Teólogo, era o maior entre eles por causa da majestade, pureza e profundidade de suas homilias e sua defesa da fé cristã contra o arianismo.

Todos tinham festas separadas em janeiro: Basílio em 1 de janeiro, Gregório em 25 e Crisóstomo em 27. Na tradição das Igrejas orientais, os três hierarcas apareceram juntos numa visão para São João Mauropo, bispo de Euceta, no ano de 1084, e disseram que eles eram iguais perante a Deus: "Não há divisões entre nós e nenhum se opõe ao outro." Como resultado, uma festa no dia 30 de janeiro comemorando os três juntos foi instituída por volta de 1100 pelo imperador bizantino Aleixo I Comneno^[1].

Actualmente, esta festa religiosa é celebrada pela Igreja Ortodoxa e pelas Igrejas Orientais Católicas no dia 30 de Janeiro.

Ver também

Referências

↑ Parry, David (1999). David Melling, ed. The Blackwell Dictionary of Eastern Christianity (em inglês). Oxford: Blackwell. pp. 491–492. ISBN 0631189661

Ligações externas

Os Três Hierarcas Sagrados (Arquidiocese da Igreja Grega Ortodoxa) (em inglês)
Synaxis dos Professores Ecumênicos e Hierarcas: Basílio Magno, Gregório, o Teólogoe João Crisóstomo sinaxário ortodoxo

v d e Doutores da Igreja
Santo Afonso de Ligório Santo Agostinho Santo Alberto Magno Santo Ambrósio Santo Anselmo Santo António de Lisboa Santo Atanásio de Alexandria São Basílio Venerável Beda São Bernardo de Claraval São Boaventura Santa Catarina de Siena São Cirilo de Alexandria São Cirilo de Jerusalém Santo Efrém São Francisco de Sales São Gregório, o Grande São Gregório de Narek São Gregório Nazianzeno Santo Hilário de Poitiers Santa Hildegarda de Bingen Santo Isidoro São Jerônimo São João Cristóstomo São João da Cruz São João Damasceno São João de Ávila Papa Leão, o Grande São Lourenço de Brindisi São Pedro Canísio São Pedro Crisólogo São Pedro Damião São Roberto Belarmino Santa Teresa de Ávila Santa Teresinha do Menino Jesus São Tomás de Aquino
Padres da Igreja Três Hierarcas Sagrados

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