Toca do Gonçalo

Toca do Gonçalo
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editar - editar código-fonte - editar WikidataDocumentação da predefinição

Toca do Gonçalo é uma caverna localizada na cidade de Campo Formoso, na Chapada Diamantina, região central do estado brasileiro da Bahia.

Integra a região da bacia do rio Salitre e sua parte inundada é intermitente, não somente nos períodos de seca prolongada, quanto também em razão do uso de bombas para irrigação agrícola a partir do lençol freático.[1] A gruta é particularmente importante pela biodiversidade ali existente.[2]

Fica situada a cerca de 80 quilômetros da sede do município, acessível por estrada vicinal.[3]

Espeleofauna

A gruta é habitat de uma espécie ainda não catalogada de pequeno bagre troglóbio (tamanho de no máximo 6 centímetros e adaptado à vida na ausência de luz, com caracteres evolutivos para tanto, tais como ausência de olhos e falta de pigmentação), pertencente ao gênero Rhamdiopsis e considerado muito raro.[4] Esse peixe possui "uma forma genética de despigmentação que é única", que demonstra ser a espécie provavelmente mais antiga do tipo.[2]

Dentre os animais registrados na parte inundada da caverna está o crustáceo Spelaeogammarus trajanoae.[1] O crustáceo chamado Pongycarcinia é um exemplar relicto, com similares encontrados na Venezuela (bacia do Orinoco) e na parte semiárida da bacia do rio São Francisco.[2]

Ali também foi identificado por equipe da UFLA um miriápode único de lacraia, batizado de Cryptops spaeloraptor, que tem por conspícuo a presença "dentes serrilhados no ultimo segmento de cada par de pernas", característica única entre tais animais, e que lhes confere vantagem em ambiente sem luz; como adaptações troglóbias típicas tem longas antenas com cerdas e despigmentação, com coloração amarelada na cabeça.[2]

Referências

  1. ↑ a b André Vieira de Araújo; Luiz Rogério Bastos Leal; Doriedson Ferreira Gomes. «Novos dados preliminares sobre o padrão biogeográfico de Spelaeogammarus trajanoae Koenemann & Holsinger, 2000 (Amphipoda:Bogidiellidae) no aquífero cárstico da bacia do rio Salitre, centro norte do estado da Bahia». ICMBio. Consultado em 8 de julho de 2023. Cópia arquivada em 27 de junho de 2022 
  2. ↑ a b c d «O notável Espeleoraptor da Toca do Gonçalo.». Sociedade Espeleológica Azimute. 14 de novembro de 2014. Consultado em 8 de julho de 2023. Cópia arquivada em 22 de janeiro de 2023 
  3. ↑ «Expedição Toca do Gonçalo: O espetacular Taunaya». Sociedade Espeleológica Azimute. 14 de outubro de 2012. Consultado em 8 de julho de 2023. Cópia arquivada em 10 de setembro de 2018 
  4. ↑ «Vida às cegas». Revista Fapesp, n. 212. 2013. Consultado em 8 de julho de 2023. Cópia arquivada em 5 de outubro de 2022 
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