Tehrik-i-Taliban Pakistan

Bandeira da organização

Tehrik-i-Taliban Pakistan (TTP; urdu / pastó: تحریک طالبان پاکستان‎; "Movimento Talibã do Paquistão"), alternativamente referido como Talibã paquistanês, é uma organização guarda-chuva que reúne vários grupos militantes islâmicos com base no noroeste do Território Federal das Áreas Tribais, ao longo da fronteira com o Afeganistão, no Paquistão. A maioria, mas não todos, os grupos talibãs paquistaneses se aglutinam sob o TTP.[1] Em dezembro de 2007 cerca de 13 grupos se uniram sob a liderança de Baitullah Mehsud, para formar o Tehrik-i-Taliban Pakistan.[2][3] Entre os objetivos declarados do Tehrik-i-Taliban Pakistan são a resistência contra o Estado paquistanês, a aplicação da sua interpretação da xaria e um plano de união contra as forças lideradas pela OTAN no Afeganistão.[2][3][4]

Essa organização terrorista, que proclama o extremismo religioso islâmico e o jihadismo, reúne 30 grupos estabelecidos originalmente no sul da região paquistanesa do Vaziristão, fazendo fronteira com o Afeganistão. Estima-se que em 2008 possuía aproximadamente de 30 a 35 mil membros em aliança com a Al Qaeda e o Talibã afegão.[5]

Maulana Fazlullah tornou-se o novo líder do grupo no final de 2013. No ano seguinte, o TTP se fragmentou em pelo menos quatro grupos, com as ditas deserções tendo deixado o grupo em desordem considerável.[6]

Atentados

O TTP não está diretamente associado com o movimento Talibã afegão liderado por Mullah Omar, com ambos os grupos diferindo bastante em suas histórias, objetivos e interesses estratégicos, embora ambos sejam predominantemente pastós.[4][7][8] O Talibã afegão, com o alegado apoio do Talibã paquistanês, opera contra a coalizão internacional e as forças de segurança afegãs no Afeganistão, mas são estritamente contrários ao direcionamento ao Estado paquistanês.[7] O TTP, em contraste, tem como alvo quase exclusivamente elementos do Estado paquistanês apesar de ter levado o crédito pelo atentado a base de Chapman em 2009 e a tentativa de atentado na Times Square em 2010.[9][10] Em 16 de dezembro de 2014, o TTP atacou uma escola do exército em Peshawar, matando 141 pessoas, incluindo 132 crianças.[11] Os agentes da TTP reivindicaram a responsabilidade pelo ataque como uma resposta à ofensiva do exército paquistanês nas áreas tribais do nordeste do Paquistão, uma ação que já matou centenas de militantes.[12]

Referências

  1. ↑ Yusufzai, Rahimullah (22 de setembro de 2008). «A Who's Who of the Insurgency in Pakistan's North-West Frontier Province: Part One – North and South Waziristan». Terrorism Monitor. 6 (18) 
  2. ↑ a b Bajoria, Jayshree (6 de fevereiro de 2008). «Pakistan's New Generation of Terrorists». Council on Foreign Relations. Consultado em 16 de dezembro de 2014. Arquivado do original em 14 de maio de 2009 
  3. ↑ a b Abbas, Hassan (janeiro de 2008). «A Profile of Tehrik-I-Taliban Pakistan». West Point, NY: Combating Terrorism Center. CTC Sentinel. 1 (2): 1–4 
  4. ↑ a b Carlotta Gall, Ismail Khan, Pir Zubair Shah and Taimoor Shah (26 de março de 2009). «Pakistani and Afghan Taliban Unify in Face of U.S. Influx». New York Times 
  5. ↑ ««¿Quién quiso atentar en Barcelona?»»  Fernando Reinares, El País, 18 de setembro de 2008.
  6. ↑ «Isis ascent in Syria and Iraq weakening Pakistani Taliban». The Guardian. 23 de outubro de 2014 
  7. ↑ a b Shane, Scott (22 de outubro de 2009). «Insurgents Share a Name, but Pursue Different Goals». The New York Times. The New York Times Company 
  8. ↑ Siddiqa, Ayesha (inverno de 2011). «Pakistan's Counterterrorism Strategy: Separating Friends from Enemies». Council on Foreign Relations. Consultado em 5 de fevereiro de 2016 
  9. ↑ Bajoria, Jayshree; Greg Bruno (6 de maio de 2010). «Shared Goals for Pakistan's Militants». Council on Foreign Relations. Consultado em 16 de dezembro de 2014. Arquivado do original em 25 de novembro de 2010 
  10. ↑ Mazzetti, Mark (6 de maio de 2010). «Evidence Mounts for Taliban Role in Car Bomb Plot». New York Times 
  11. ↑ «Over 120 killed in attack on Peshawar school». tribune.com.pk/ 
  12. ↑ «Pakistan School Massacre: Taliban Kills Over 100» 

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