TENS

Aparelho portátil para aplicação de TENS e os eletrodos

A sigla TENS vem do inglês Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (neuroestimulação elétrica transcutânea) e foi utilizada na década de 70 com objetivos para analgesia, atuando na teoria das comportas de dor. A TENS tem finalidade de proporcionar analgesia.[1]

Histórico

O desenvolvimento da TENS, se deveu aos estudos e desenvolvimento da eletroterapia e, a partir de 1960, com advento da teoria da comporta da dor, combinado com geradores eletrostáticos e condensadores, acabaram por recolocar a eletroterapia como método de tratamento.[2] Sendo que algumas fontes relatam o uso de peixes eletrogênicos há mais de 2500 anos.[3] Aliado a isso, com o aumento de casos de dor na população mundial, o que fomentou pesquisas para o tratamento dessas dores.[4]

Forma de ação

A TENS é um recurso utiliza corrente elétrica aplicada à pele com finalidade analgésica[5] modulando o processo de neurocondução da dor e atuando sobre a liberação de opióides endógenos a nível medular e da hipófise.[6]

Limiar

É o maior estímulo capaz de desencadear um potencial de dor. Existem 3 limiares:

  1. Sensitivo
  2. Motor
  3. Doloroso

O limiar varia de pessoa para pessoa

Este recurso fisioterapêutico atua somente no sintoma do problema, no caso, a dor, e não no que está realmente causando a dor. Sendo assim, deve se ter precaução em sua indicação pois muitas vezes é preferível que o paciente deixe uma sessão com dores, o que fará com que ele poupe uma determinada estrutura, do que sem dores, dando a falsa impressão ao paciente de resolução do problema.[7]

Modo de estimulação

  • Convencional
  • Burst
  • Breve intensa
  • Acupuntura
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Bibliografia

  • Tim Watson, (2008). Electrotherapy: evidence-based practice 12th ed. [S.l.]: Elsevier Health Sciences. ISBN 0443101795 
  • Robertson, Valma J.; Alex Ward, John Low, Ann Reed (2006). Electrotherapy Explained: Principles and Practice Fourth ed. [S.l.]: Butterworth-Heinemann (Elsevier). ISBN 978-0-7506-8843-7 

Referências

  1. ↑ «BBC TENS». Consultado em 11 de dezembro de 2010. Arquivado do original em 17 de janeiro de 2010 
  2. ↑ Morgan, Charles Ricardo; Santos, Franklin Santana (2011). «Estudo da estimulação elétrica nervosa transcutânea (TENS) nível sensório para efeito de analgesia em pacientes com osteoartrose de joelho». Revista Fisioterapia em Movimento. v.24 (n.4) 
  3. ↑ Kitchen, Sheila (2003). Eletroterapia:Prática Baseada em Evidências. Barueri: Manole. pp. 260–261. ISBN 85-204-1453-2 
  4. ↑ Tribioli, Ricardo Alexandre (20 de maio de 2003). «Análise crítica atual sobre a TENS envolvendo parâmetros de estimulação para o controle da dor.». doi:10.11606/D.82.2003.tde-10092003-094654 
  5. ↑ Educacao, Portal. «Portal Educação - Artigo». www.portaleducacao.com.br. Consultado em 29 de abril de 2018 
  6. ↑ Melo de Paula, G; Molinero de Paula, VR; Dias, RO (2006). «Estimulação elétrica nervosa transcutânea (TENS) no pós-operatório de cesariana». Rev. bras. fisioter. Consultado em 29 de abril de 2018 
  7. ↑ Cekmen N, Salman B, Keles Z, Aslan M, Akcabay M (2007). «Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation in the prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting after elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy». J Clin Anesth. 19 (1): 49–52. PMID 17321927. doi:10.1016/j.jclinane.2006.05.025 

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