Symphonie

Os satélites Symphonie[1] foram os primeiros satélites de comunicações construídos pela França e Alemanha (e os primeiros a usar a estabilização de três eixos em órbita geoestacionária com um sistema de propulsão bipropelente) para ser injeto na órbita geoestacionária e para a manutenção em órbita durante a sua vida operacional. Após o lançamento do segundo modelo, que compreendia o primeiro sistema de satélites de telecomunicações completo (incluindo uma reposição em órbita e um segmento dedicado ao controle de solo). Eles foram o resultado de um programa de cooperação formal entre a França e a Alemanha.

História

A experiência europeia inicial com satélites de telecomunicações geoestacionários começou em 1967, quando uma joint venture foi assinada pela França e pela Alemanha para desenvolver dois satélites experimentais denominados de Symphonie.[2]

A pequena nave espacial (com 230 kg em órbita) com estabilização de 3 eixos e dois transponders de 6/4 GHz foram lançados pelos Estados Unidos em 1974 e 1975. O sistema Symphonie foi muito bem sucedido no fornecimento de ligações de telecomunicações em toda a Europa e em outros continentes. Ambos os satélites superou os 5 anos de vida de projeto útil e foram transferidos para órbitas cemitério em 1983 e 1985, respectivamente.[2]

Os satélites Symphonie foram inicialmente planejado para ser lançado por veículo de lançamento Europa 2, mas devido à indisponibilidade depois de várias falhas de lançamento, eles foram finalmente lançado por foguetes estadunidense Delta 2914.[2]

Satélites

Satélite[2] Fabricante[2] Data do lançamento[2] Veículo de lançamento[2] Estado
Symphonie 1 CIFAS/Aerospatiale consortium 19 de dezembro de 1974 Delta 2914 Retirado em 19 de fevereiro de 1983[3]
Symphonie 2 CIFAS/Aerospatiale consortium 27 de agosto de 1975 Delta 2914 Retirado em dezembro de 1985[3]

Referências

  1. ↑ «Conference: From Symphonie to Spacebus, March 2006, by Jean-Jacques Dechezelles» (PDF) (em inglês). Consultado em 3 de outubro de 2014 
  2. ↑ a b c d e f g «Symphonie 1, 2» (em inglês). Gunter's Space Page. Consultado em 3 de outubro de 2014 
  3. ↑ a b «Symphonie 1» (em inglês). TSE. Consultado em 3 de outubro de 2014 

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