Shulkhan Arukh

Selo israelense de 1967 comemorativo do Shulhan Arukh

O Shulchan Aruch (em hebraico: שולחן ערוך, literalmente "mesa posta"), também grafado como Shulkhan Arukh, é uma codificação publicada em 1567 da halachá, a lei do judaísmo, pelo rabino Yosef Karo, que em Judaísmo é considerada como a compilação halachá de mais autoridade depois da Mishné Torá de Maimónides.[1][2]

Estrutura

O Shulchan Aruch (bem como seu antecessor, o Beit Yosef) segue a mesma estrutura do Arba'ah Turim, do rabino Jacob ben Asher. Tem quatro livros, subdivididos em capítulos e parágrafos:

  1. Orach Chayim - leis sobre orações e sinagoga, shabat, feriados;
  2. Yoreh De'ah - leis sobre shechita, cashrut e a conversão ao judaísmo;
  3. Even Ha'ezer - leis sobre casamento, divórcio e assuntos relacionados;
  4. Choshen Mishpat - leis sobre finanças, responsabilidade financeira, danos (pessoais e financeiros), e as regras do Bet Din, bem como as leis sobre as testemunhas.
Ícone de esboço Este artigo sobre judaísmo é um esboço. Você pode ajudar a Wikipédia expandindo-o.

Referências

  1. ↑ Cecil Roth, A History of the Jews: From Earliest Times Through the Six Day War, Schocken Books, New York, © 1961, revised 1970, p. 262:
    "Joseph Caro... composed... "The Prepared Table" (Shulkhan Arukh)... The work, first published in 1567, attained an instantaneous reputation, being reprinted time after time, and spreading with phenomenal rapidity to every corner of the Diaspora. It became accepted as the final standard of Jewish law and observance... every trivial practice which the author had noted became sacrosanct"
    ("Joseph Caro... compôs... "A Mesa Preparada" (Shulkhan Arukh)... A obra, publicada pela primeira vez em 1567, alcançou uma reputação instantânea, sendo reimpressa muitas vezes e se espalhando com rapidez fenomenal para todos os cantos da Diáspora. Tornou-se aceito como o padrão final da lei e observância judaica... toda prática trivial que o autor havia notado tornou-se sacrossanta.")
  2. ↑ Ephraim Taubenhaus, Giants of the Spirit: Twenty Biographies of Outstanding Sages and Rabbis, traduzido do hebreo por Binyamin Hoffman; Sinai Publishing House, Tel Aviv, 1981; p. 67:
    "Rabbi Yoseph Caro is considered the outstanding Halakhic authority to rise during the last 500 years. His work Shulkhan Arukh is today the universally recognized code of Jewish civil and religious law. No Halakhic work since the Mishneh Torah of the Rambam has rivalled its authority and popularity."
    ("O Rabino Yoseph Caro é considerado a autoridade Halakhic de destaque nos últimos 500 anos. Sua obra Shulkhan Arukh é hoje o código universalmente reconhecido da lei civil e religiosa judaica. Nenhum trabalho Halákhico desde o Mishnê Torá do Rambam rivalizou com sua autoridade e popularidade.")

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