Secularismo na Síria

Um processo de secularização na Síria ocorreu sob o mandato francês na década de 1920. A Síria é governada pelo partido nacionalista árabe Baath desde 1963. O regime Baath combinou o socialismo árabe com elementos de ideologia secular e um sistema político autoritário que também incorporava aspectos da lei islâmica, com diferentes sistemas judiciários operando para minorias religiosas. Cristão e xiitas tendem a apoiar o governo do país desde a guerra civil síria.[1] O país possui uma ampla diversidade religiosa.[2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9]

Na constituição

O Artigo 35 garante a liberdade religiosa para todas as comunidades religiosas reconhecidas, não podendo se formar partidos com identidade religiosa, de gênero ou racial.[10]

(1) A liberdade de fé é garantida. O estado respeita todas as religiões. (2) O Estado garante a liberdade de realizar quaisquer ritos religiosos, desde que não perturbe a ordem pública.[11]

Casos civis e criminais são ouvidos em tribunais seculares, enquanto os tribunais da Sharia tratam de questões pessoais, familiares e religiosas em casos entre muçulmanos ou entre muçulmanos e não-muçulmanos.[12] Cada comunidade religiosa tem autonomia legal no país.[13] O governo russo também implementou mudanças na constituição síria que previa mais secularização da justiça.[14][15][16][17] Se promoveu também o fim da poligamia e o casamento civil.[18][19][20]

Referências

  1. ↑ yalibnan. «Tension up at camps as sectarian politics rise in Syria ,Lebanon». Consultado em 4 de maio de 2016 
  2. ↑ «PLOS ONE». Consultado em 4 de maio de 2016 
  3. ↑ Margaret Nydell (23 de março de 2012). Understanding Arabs, Fifth Edition: A Contemporary Guide to Arab Society. [S.l.: s.n.] p. 169. ISBN 9780983955801 
  4. ↑ Michael Haag. The Templars: The History and the Myth - From Solomon's Temple to the Freemasons. [S.l.: s.n.] p. 58 
  5. ↑ John Joseph (2000). The Modern Assyrians of the Middle East. [S.l.: s.n.] p. 30. ISBN 9004116419 
  6. ↑ Ellen blum. Crusader Castles and Modern Histories. [S.l.: s.n.] p. 53 
  7. ↑ «IMPLEMENTATION OF THE DECLARATION ON THE ELIMINATION OF ALL FORMS OF INTOLERANCE AND OF DISCRIMINATION BASED ON RELIGION OR BELIEF – Report submitted by Mr. Angelo Vidal d'Almeida Ribeiro, Special Rapporteur appointed in accordance with Commission on Human Rights resolution 1986/20 of 10 March 1986». undocs.org (em inglês). United Nations. 6 de janeiro de 1993. p. 99. E/CN.4/1993/62. Consultado em 18 de março de 2017 
  8. ↑ Israel reveals immigration of over 1,200 Syrian Jews. Associated Press (18 October 1994)
  9. ↑ «The World Factbook». Central Intelligence Agency. Consultado em 4 de maio de 2016 
  10. ↑ . “Constitution of the Syrian Arab Republic – 2012”, Article 8:4.
  11. ↑ Syrian Arab Republic: Constitution, 2012
  12. ↑ «Syria - Country report - Countries at the Crossroads - 2007» 
  13. ↑ «Syria - Islam» 
  14. ↑ «Syria Opposition Rejects Russian Draft of New Constitution». Bloomberg. 25 de janeiro de 2017. Consultado em 26 de janeiro de 2017 
  15. ↑ «Syrian draft constitution recognizes Kurdish language, no mentions of federalism». Rudaw. 26 de janeiro de 2017. Consultado em 26 de janeiro de 2017 
  16. ↑ «رووداو تنشر مسودة الدستور السوري التي أعدها خبراء روس». Rudaw. Consultado em 26 de janeiro de 2017 
  17. ↑ «Moscow invites Kurds and Syrian opposition to explain Astana». ARA News. 26 de janeiro de 2017. Consultado em 26 de janeiro de 2017 
  18. ↑ «Kurdish 'Angelina Jolie' devalued by media hype». BBC. 12 de setembro de 2016. Consultado em 12 de setembro de 2016 
  19. ↑ «Syrian Kurds tackle conscription, underage marriages and polygamy». ARA News. 15 de novembro de 2016. Consultado em 16 de novembro de 2016. Arquivado do original em 16 de novembro de 2016 
  20. ↑ «Syria Kurds challenging traditions, promote civil marriage». ARA News. 20 de fevereiro de 2016. Consultado em 23 de agosto de 2016. Arquivado do original em 22 de fevereiro de 2016 

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