Sanã-das-galápagos

Como ler uma infocaixa de taxonomiaSanã-das-galápagos

Estado de conservação
Espécie vulnerável
Vulnerável (IUCN 3.1) [1]
Classificação científica
Reino: Animalia
Filo: Chordata
Classe: Aves
Ordem: Gruiformes
Família: Rallidae
Género: Laterallus
Espécie: L. spilonota
Nome binomial
Laterallus spilonota
Gould, 1841
Distribuição geográfica

A sanã-das-galápagos[2] (Laterallus spilonota), também conhecida como sanã-de-galápagos, é uma pequena espécie de sanã endêmica das Ilhas Galápagos. Assemelha-se à sua espécie-irmã, a sanã-preta (L. jamaicensis) das Américas, da qual divergiu há 1,2 milhão de anos.[3] É ameaçada por espécies introduzidas, como cabras e gatos, e é considerada vulnerável.

Descrição

A sanã-das-galápagos é uma ave terrestre pequena, medindo aproximadamente 15 cm, quase que não voa. Tem a plumagem escura, sobretudo preta com cabeça e peito mais cinzentos, e manchas brancas no dorso. Possui um olho escarlate, um bico preto e asas curtas e quase inúteis. São muito vocais com uma ampla gama de vocalizações, assim como outras sanãs.[4]

Hábitos

Vive em pastagens úmidas e florestas, escondendo-se em vegetação densa. Nas Galápagos estes habitats são geralmente encontrados em ilhas com altitudes mais elevadas (particularmente nas ilhas de Santiago, Santa Cruz e Sierra Negra), são mais comuns nas partes mais altas. Se alimentam de invertebrados, principalmente caracóis, isópodes, libélulas, insetos, formigas, também alimentam-se de material vegetal.[5] O forrageamento é durante o dia, movendo-se pelo chão ciscando as folhas e checando a serapilheira.[4]

Diferente de muitos ralídeos insulares, a sanã-das-galápagos pode voar, embora não muito bem. Seu voo foi descrito como desajeitado e trabalhoso.[5]

Relacionamento com humanos

Apesar de ser um ralídeo insular que quase que não voa, conseguiu sobreviver à chegada de humanos nas Ilhas Galápagos. É uma espécie confiante que tem curiosidade em relação aos humanos e irá abordá-los e investigá-los, essa ingenuidade a torna vulnerável a gatos selvagens, cães e porcos. Cabras e gados introduzidos afetam bastante o habitat dessa espécie, que causa uma queda significável em sua densidade populacional. A remoção de cabras e gados, e a consequente regeneração de árvores, arbustos e gramíneas, ajudaram a manter a população de sanãs-das-galápagos.[1]

A espécie esta relativamente segura, já que maior parte de seu habitat está localizado dentro do Parque Nacional das Galápagos, e esforços estão sendo feitos para remover o maior número de animais introduzidos prejudiciais das ilhas.[1]

Referências

  1. ↑ a b c BirdLife International (2016). «Laterallus spilonota». Lista Vermelha de Espécies Ameaçadas. 2020: e.T22692366A181476400. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T22692366A181476400.enAcessível livremente. Consultado em 10 de julho de 2022 
  2. ↑ Paixão, Paulo (Verão de 2021). «Os Nomes Portugueses das Aves de Todo o Mundo» (PDF) 2.ª ed. A Folha — Boletim da língua portuguesa nas instituições europeias. p. 130. ISSN 1830-7809. Consultado em 9 de julho de 2022. Cópia arquivada (PDF) em 23 de abril de 2022 
  3. ↑ Chaves, Jaime A.; Martinez-Torres, Pedro J.; Depino, Emiliano A.; Espinoza-Ulloa, Sebastian; García-Loor, Jefferson; Beichman, Annabel C.; Stervander, Martin (12 de novembro de 2020). «Evolutionary History of the Galápagos Rail Revealed by Ancient Mitogenomes and Modern Samples». Diversity (em inglês). 12 (11). 425 páginas. ISSN 1424-2818. doi:10.3390/d12110425Acessível livremente 
  4. ↑ a b Taylor, P. B. (1998). Rails : a guide to the rails, crakes, gallinules, and coots of the world. Ber van Perlo. New Haven: [s.n.] OCLC 39960907 
  5. ↑ a b Franklin, A. B.; Clark, D. A.; Clark, D. B. (1979). «Ecology and behavior of the Galapagos Rail». The Wilson Bulletin. 91 (2): 202–221. JSTOR 4161201 

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