Sanções contra o Irã

O resultado das sanções dos EUA para impedir a venda de petróleo iraniano

As sanções contra o Irã são uma série de embargos contra o Irã, dos quais o principal foi imposto pelos Estados Unidos a partir de 1995, enquando os demais se referem a embargos ao fornecimento de armas impostos pelas Nações Unidas e pela União Europeia, em 2006 e 2007.[1]

Numerosos governos e entidades multilaterais impõem sanções contra o Irã.[2] Após a Revolução Iraniana de 1979, os Estados Unidos impuseram sanções contra o Irã e as ampliaram, em 1995, para incluir as empresas que têm negócios com o país. [3]

Em 2006, o Conselho de Segurança da ONU aprovou a Resolução 1696[4] e impôs sanções, depois que o Irã se recusou a suspender seu programa de enriquecimento de urânio. As sanções dos Estados Unidos inicialmente penalizavam os investimentos em petróleo, gás e petroquímica, as exportações de produtos petrolíferos refinados e os negócios com o Exército dos Guardiães da Revolução Islâmica. Essa medida engloba as transações bancárias e de seguros (incluindo com o Banco Central do Irã), o transporte marítimo e os serviços de webhosting para empreendimentos comerciais e serviços de domain name registry.[5]

Ao longo dos anos, as sanções tiveram crescente impacto sobre a economia e o povo iraniano. Desde 1979, os Estados Unidos têm conduzido os esforços internacionais para usar sanções como forma de influenciar as políticas do Irã, [6] incluindo o programa de enriquecimento de urânio iraniano, que os governos dos EUA e países aliados temem que seja destinado a desenvolver a capacidade de produzir armas nucleares. O Irã responde que seu programa nuclear é para fins civis, incluindo a geração de energia elétrica e uso médico.[7] Uma vez que as negociações entre o Irã e os governos ocidentais têm falhado, novas sanções econômicas ainda mais fortes têm sido implementadas.[8]

Ver também

Referências

  1. ↑ Haidar, J.I., 2017."Sanctions and Exports Deflection: Evidence from Iran," Economic Policy (Oxford University Press), abril de 2017, vol. 32(90), pp. 319-355.
  2. ↑ Haidar, J.I., 2015. Sanctions and Exports Deflection: Evidence from Iran, Paris School of Economics, University of Paris 1 Pantheon Sorbonne (mimeo).
  3. ↑ Ariel Zirulnick (24 de fevereiro de 2011). «Sanction Qaddafi? How 5 nations have reacted to sanctions: Iran». The Christian Science Monitor 
  4. ↑ «Security Council demands Iran suspend uranium enrichment by 31 August, or face possible economic, diplomatic sanctions». United Nations. 31 de julho de 2006 
  5. ↑ «31 CFR 560.540 - Exportation of certain services and software incident to Internet-based communications.». Legal Information Institute, Cornell University Law School. United States Statutes at Large. 10 de março de 2010 
  6. ↑ Younis, Mohamed (7 de fevereiro de 2013). «Iranians Feel Bite of Sanctions, Blame U.S., Not Own Leaders». Gallup World. Gallup 
  7. ↑ Michelle Nichols e Louis Charbonneau (5 de outubro de 2012). «U.N. chief says sanctions on Iran affecting its people». Reuters. United Nations 
  8. ↑ Timothy Alexander Guzman (10 de abril de 2013). «New Economic Sanctions on Iran, Washington's Regime Change Strategy». Global Research 

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