Salvia miltiorrhiza


Como ler uma infocaixa de taxonomiaSalvia miltiorrhiza

Classificação científica
Reino: Plantae
Clado: Traqueófitas
Clado: Angiospermas
Clado: Eudicotiledôneas
Clado: Asterídeas
Ordem: Lamiales
Família: Lamiaceae
Gênero: Salvia
Espécie: S. miltiorrhiza
Nome binomial
Salvia miltiorrhiza
Bunge[1]

Salvia miltiorrhiza (chinês tradicional: 丹參, pinyin: dānshēn), também conhecida como sálvia vermelha, sálvia chinesa, tan shen ou danshen, é uma planta perene do gênero Salvia, altamente valorizada por suas raízes na medicina tradicional chinesa.[2] Nativa da China e do Japão, cresce em altitudes de 90 a 1.200 m, preferindo lugares gramados em florestas, encostas e margens de riachos. O epíteto específico miltiorrhiza significa "raiz ocre vermelha".

Constituintes químicos

Os compostos químicos isolados da Salvia miltiorrhiza incluem ácido salvianólico (ou ácido salvianólico B),[3][4] diidrotanshinona , miltirona ,[5] tanshinona I e tanshinona IIA .[6][7][8] A tanshinona IIA é um dos constituintes mais abundantes da raiz da Salvia miltiorrhiza.[6]

Descrição

S. miltiorrhiza é uma planta perene decídua com caules ramificados de 30 a 60 cm de altura, com folhas amplamente espaçadas que são simples e divididas. As inflorescências de 30 cm são cobertas de pêlos e glândulas pegajosas. As flores crescem em espirais, com corolas roxas claras a azul lavanda com aproximadamente 2,5 cm de comprimento, com um cálice roxo escuro. A Salvia miltiorrhiza prefere solos bem drenados, com cerca de meio dia de luz solar. É resistente a aproximadamente -10 °C.[9] A maioria das sementes de Salvia tem uma taxa de germinação mais alta quando exposta à luz, embora não seja necessária.[10]

Interações medicamentosas

Danshen pode potencializar os efeitos da droga anticoagulante varfarina, possivelmente causando complicações hemorrágicas.[6][11][12] Outros efeitos adversos podem incluir reações alérgicas, tontura, dor de cabeça ou desconforto gastrointestinal.[6]

Medicina Tradicional Chinesa

Sozinha ou combinada com outros medicamentos fitoterápicos chineses, a Salvia miltiorrhiza tem sido usada na China e, em menor grau, em outros países como tratamento para várias doenças cardiovasculares e cerebrovasculares.[6][11] Uma revisão da organização Cochrane de 2007 do uso de danshen para acidente vascular cerebral isquêmico agudo descobriu que a qualidade da evidência era ruim e não havia evidência de benefício.[13] Da mesma forma, uma metanálise da Cochrane de 2008 descobriu que os ensaios clínicos sobre danshen eram de baixa qualidade e insuficientes para fazer qualquer julgamento sobre sua eficácia para pessoas com ataque cardíaco.[14] Metanálises de formas orais e injetáveis ​​de danshen em pessoas com angina concluíram que os efeitos do tratamento foram inconclusivos porque os estudos eram de baixa qualidade e as conclusões não eram baseadas em evidências fortes.[15]

Referências

  1. «Salvia miltiorrhiza». Agricultural Research Service (ARS), United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN). Consultado em 31 de março de 2008 
  2. Ji X-Y; Tan BK-H; Huang S-H; et al. (2004). «Effects of Salvia miltiorrhiza After Accute Myocardial Infarction in Rats». In: Tan, BK-H; Bay B-H; Zhu Y-Z. Novel compounds from natural products in the new millennium: potential and challenges (em inglês). Singapore: World Scientific. p. 183–95. ISBN 978-981-256-221-0 
  3. Wang QL, Tao YY, Yuan JL, Shen L, Liu CH (maio de 2010). «Salvianolic acid B prevents epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition through the TGF-beta1 signal transduction pathway in vivo and in vitro». BMC Cell Biology (em inglês). 11: 31. PMC 2874764Acessível livremente. PMID 20441599. doi:10.1186/1471-2121-11-31  publicação de acesso livre - leitura gratuita
  4. Liu CL, Xie LX, Li M, Durairajan SS, Goto S, Huang JD (dezembro de 2007). «Salvianolic acid B inhibits hydrogen peroxide-induced endothelial cell apoptosis through regulating PI3K/Akt signaling». PLOS ONE (em inglês). 2 (12): e1321. Bibcode:2007PLoSO...2.1321L. PMC 2117346Acessível livremente. PMID 18091994. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0001321Acessível livremente  publicação de acesso livre - leitura gratuita
  5. Akaberi M, Iranshahi M, Mehri S (junho de 2016). «Molecular Signaling Pathways Behind the Biological Effects of Salvia Species Diterpenes in Neuropharmacology and Cardiology». Phytotherapy Research (em inglês). 30 (6): 878–93. PMID 26988179. doi:10.1002/ptr.5599 
  6. a b c d e «Danshen» (em inglês). Drugs.com. 2018. Consultado em 22 de janeiro de 2019 
  7. Lee WY, Cheung CC, Liu KW, Fung KP, Wong J, Lai PB, Yeung JH (maio de 2010). «Cytotoxic effects of tanshinones from Salvia miltiorrhiza on doxorubicin-resistant human liver cancer cells». Journal of Natural Products (em inglês). 73 (5): 854–9. PMID 20455578. doi:10.1021/np900792p 
  8. Xu J, Wei K, Zhang G, Lei L, Yang D, Wang W, et al. (outubro de 2018). «Ethnopharmacology, phytochemistry, and pharmacology of Chinese Salvia species: A review». Journal of Ethnopharmacology (em inglês). 225: 18–30. PMID 29935346. doi:10.1016/j.jep.2018.06.029 
  9. Clebsch B, Barner CD (2003). The New Book of Salvias (em inglês). [S.l.]: Timber Press. p. 196–198. ISBN 978-0-88192-560-9 
  10. Sutton J (2004). The Gardener's Guide to Growing Salvias (em inglês). [S.l.]: Workman Publishing Company. p. 123. ISBN 978-0-88192-671-2 
  11. a b Dhamananda S. «Salvia» (em inglês). Institute for Traditional Medicine. Consultado em 31 de agosto de 2015 
  12. Chan TY (abril de 2001). «Interaction between warfarin and danshen (Salvia miltiorrhiza)». The Annals of Pharmacotherapy (em inglês). 35 (4): 501–4. PMID 11302416. doi:10.1345/aph.19029 
  13. Wu B, Liu M, Zhang S (abril de 2007). «Dan Shen agents for acute ischaemic stroke». The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (em inglês) (2): CD004295. PMID 17443544. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD004295.pub3 
  14. Wu T, Ni J, Wu J (abril de 2008). «Danshen (Chinese medicinal herb) preparations for acute myocardial infarction». The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (em inglês). 2016 (2): CD004465. PMID 18425903. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD004465.pub2 
  15. Shao H, Li M, Chen F, Chen L, Jiang Z, Zhao L (abril de 2018). «The Efficacy of Danshen Injection as Adjunctive Therapy in Treating Angina Pectoris: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis». Heart, Lung & Circulation (em inglês). 27 (4): 433–442. PMID 29150156. doi:10.1016/j.hlc.2017.10.016 

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