SMS Königsberg (1905)

SMS Königsberg
 Alemanha
Operador Marinha Imperial Alemã
Fabricante Estaleiro Imperial de Kiel
Homônimo Königsberg
Batimento de quilha 12 de janeiro de 1905
Lançamento 12 de dezembro de 1905
Comissionamento 6 de abril de 1907
Descomissionamento 14 de junho de 1911
Recomissionamento 22 de janeiro de 1913
Destino Deliberadamente afundado
em 11 de julho de 1915
Características gerais
Tipo de navio Cruzador rápido
Classe Königsberg
Deslocamento 3 814 t (carregado)
Maquinário 2 motores de tripla-expansão
11 caldeiras
Comprimento 115,3 m
Boca 13,2 m
Calado 5,29 m
Propulsão 2 hélices
- 13 200 cv (9 710 kW)
Velocidade 23 nós (43 km/h)
Autonomia 5 750 milhas náuticas a 12 nós
(10 650 km a 22 km/h)
Armamento 10 canhões de 105 mm
10 canhões de 52 mm
2 tubos de torpedo de 450 mm
Blindagem Convés: 80 mm
Torre de comando: 100 mm
Tripulação 14 oficiais
308 marinheiros

O SMS Königsberg foi um cruzador rápido operado pela Marinha Imperial Alemã e a primeira embarcação da Classe Königsberg, seguido pelo SMS Nürnberg, SMS Stuttgart e SMS Stettin. Sua construção começou em janeiro de 1905 no Estaleiro Imperial de Kiel e foi lançado ao mar em dezembro do mesmo ano, sendo comissionado na frota alemã em abril de 1907. Era armado com uma bateria principal composta por dez canhões de 105 milímetros em montagens únicas, tinha um deslocamento carregado de quase quatro mil toneladas e alcançava uma velocidade máxima de 23 nós.

O Königsberg serviu com as forças da Frota de Alto-Mar ao entrar em serviço, mas também frequentemente escoltou o iate imperial SMY Hohenzollern. Foi enviado em abril de 1914 para atuar na África Oriental Alemã, onde estava quando a Primeira Guerra Mundial começou em agosto. Ele inicialmente tentou atacar navios mercantes britânicos e franceses na região, mas conseguiu afundar apenas um, com a escassez de combustível prejudicando sua capacidade de atuação. Em setembro realizou um ataque surpresa contra Zanzibar e afundou o cruzador protegido britânico HMS Pegasus.

O navio recuou para o rio Rufiji a fim de consertar seus motores, mas foi localizado e bloqueado por navios britânicos antes que isso pudesse ser feito. Os britânicos lançaram várias tentativas de afundar Königsberg na consequente Batalha do Delta do Rufiji, por fim enviando dois monitores para destruí-lo. Estes conseguiram danificpa-lo seriamente em 11 de julho de 1915, forçando sua tripulação a afundá-lo deliberadamente. Os tripulantes sobreviventes recuperaram os canhões e se juntaram à Campanha da África Oriental. Os destroços foram parcialmente desmontados entre 1963 e 1965.

Bibliografia

  • Bennett, Geoffrey (2005). Naval Battles of the First World War. Londres: Pen & Sword Military Classics. ISBN 978-1-84415-300-8 
  • Burt, R. A. (1988). British Battleships 1889–1904. Annapolis: Naval Institute Press. ISBN 0-87021-061-0 
  • Campbell, N. J. M.; Sieche, Erwin (1986). «Germany». In: Gardiner, Robert; Gray, Randal. Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships 1906–1921. Londres: Conway Maritime Press. ISBN 978-0-85177-245-5 
  • Farwell, Byron (1989). The Great War in Africa, 1914–1918. Nova Iorque: Norton. ISBN 0-393-30564-3 
  • Gröner, Erich (1990). German Warships: 1815–1945. Vol. I: Major Surface Vessels. Annapolis: Naval Institute Press. ISBN 978-0-87021-790-6 
  • Halpern, Paul G. (1995). A Naval History of World War I. Annapolis: Naval Institute Press. ISBN 1-55750-352-4 
  • Herwig, Holger (1980). "Luxury" Fleet: The Imperial German Navy 1888–1918. Amherst: Humanity Books. ISBN 978-1-57392-286-9 
  • Hildebrand, Hans H.; Röhr, Albert; Steinmetz, Hans-Otto (1993a). Die Deutschen Kriegsschiffe: Biographien – ein Spiegel der Marinegeschichte von 1815 bis zur Gegenwart. Vol. 5. Ratingen: Mundus Verlag. ISBN 978-3-7822-0456-9 
  • Nottelmann, Dirk (2020). «The Development of the Small Cruiser in the Imperial German Navy». In: Jordan, John. Warship 2020. Oxford: Osprey. ISBN 978-1-4728-4071-4 
  • Patience, Kevin (2001). Konigsberg: A German East African Raider. Bahrain: Kevin Patience. OCLC 37615728 
  • Patience, Kevin (dezembro de 2011). «Sink the Königsberg: At All Costs». Stamford: Key Publishing. Britain at War (56) 
  • Turner, Charles Cyril (1972). The Old Flying Days. Nova Iorque: Arno Press. ISBN 0-405-03783-X 
  • Willmott, H. P. (2009). The Last Century of Sea Power. Vol. 1: From Port Arthur to Chanak, 1894–1922. Bloomington: Indiana University Press. ISBN 978-0-253-35214-9 
  • Yates, Keith (1995). Graf Spee's Raiders: Challenge to the Royal Navy, 1914–1915. Annapolis: Naval Institute Press. ISBN 978-1-55750-977-2 

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