Rebelião tuaregue (1916-1917)

Revolta Kaocen
Rebeliões Tuaregues e Primeira Guerra Mundial (simultâneo)

Guerreiros tuaregues, fotografados em 1906
Data 1916–1917
Local norte do Niger
Desfecho rebelião derrotada
Beligerantes
Autoridade colonial francesa guerrilhas tuaregues

A rebelião tuaregue de 1916-1917 ou Revolta de Kaocen foi uma insurreição armada contra o governo colonial francês ocorrida nas Montanhas de Aïr no atual norte do Níger.

Conflito

A revolta foi liderada por Ag Mohammed Wau Teguidda Kaocen (1880–1919), membro da ordem sufista anti-francesa Sanusiya. Kaocen foi o Amenokal (chefe) da confederação tuaregue Ikazkazan. Desde 1909, Kaocen participou em diversas batalhas contra as forças coloniais, a maioria de pouca importância. Quando o líder de sua ordem, declarou uma jiade contra os franceses em outubro de 1914 na cidade oásis de Cufra, na Cirenaica (Líbia), Kaocen comandou suas forças. O sultão Tagama de Agadez permaneceu leal aos europeus e com o apoio destes consegue submeter a revolta.

Kaocen e seu irmão Mokhtar Kodogo lideraram uma força de mil homens armados com rifles de repetição e uma pistola roubadas dos italianos, sitiaram Agadez a partir de 17 de novembro de 1916 e derrotaram várias colunas inimigas enviadas em seu auxílio. Eles tomaram todas as grandes cidades de Air, incluindo Ingall, Assodé e Aouderase, e dominaram a região por mais de três meses. Mas em 3 de março de 1917, uma coluna enviada de Zinder libertou Agadez do seu sítio e dedicou-se a atacar o povo que deu proteção aos insurgentes, prendendo qualquer pessoa suspeita de proteger-los e executando 130.

Kaocen fugiu para o norte, mas foi enforcado em março de 1919 em Murzuque. Seu irmão foi morto por forças francesas em 1920, quando uma revolta que conduziu entre os Tubus e Fulas no Sultanato de Damagaram foi derrotada.

Referências

  • Samuel Decalo. Historical Dictionary of Niger. Scarecrow Press, London and New Jersey (1979). ISBN 0-8108-1229-0
  • Jolijn Geels. Niger. Bradt London and Globe Pequot New York (2006). ISBN 1-84162-152-8.
  • J. D. Fage, Roland Anthony Oliver. The Cambridge History of Africa. Cambridge University Press (1975), p199. ISBN
  • Kimba Idrissa. "The Kawousan War reconsidered" (online excerpts, retrieved 2009-03-09) in Rethinking Resistance: Revolt and Violence in African History, Jon Abbink, Mirjam de Bruijn and Klaus van Walraven (eds), Leiden and Boston: Brill Academic Publishers, 2003, 191-217

Bibliografia

  • Finn Fuglestad. "Les révoltes des Touaregs du Niger (1916-1917)". In Cahiers d'études africaines - 049, pp. 82-121, Paris, Mouton - Ecole des hautes études en sciences sociales (1973).
  • Ali Salifou, "Kawousan ou la révolte sénoussiste", Études nigériennes n° 33 (Niamey, 1973)

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