Reagente de Nessler

O reagente de Nessler é uma solução alcalina de tetraiodomercurato(II) de potássio. É usado no chamado teste do reagente de Nessler, cujo objetivo é detectar a presença de nitrogênio amoniacal.[1] Caso a solução tenha amoníaco, forma-se um precipitado amarelo-acastanhado. A cor será tanto mais intensa quanto maior for a concentração das substâncias analisadas.

Mecanismo de reação

A equação que traduz a formação do precipitado é:

NH3 + 2[HgI4]²− + 3OH− → Hg2O(NH2)I + 7I− + 2H2O

Formulação do reagente

O reagente Nessler é formulado da seguinte maneira:[1]

  1. Pesa-se 100 gramas de HgI2 anidro.
  2. Pesa-se 70 gramas de KI anidro.
  3. Misturam-se os dois sais e dissolvem-nos em uma pequena quantidade de água (a solução fica saturada de HgI2)
  4. Adiciona-se, com constante agitação, 500 ml de solução aquosa NaOH a 40%.
  5. Dilui-se com água isenta de amônia até 1 litro.
  6. Homogeniza-se.
  7. Armazenar a solução em frasco plástico.

Mantem-se ao abrigo da luz solar. Este reagente é estável por mais de um ano.

Técnicas de execução do teste

Este teste pode ser feito de duas formas:

  • Adicionando algumas gotas de reagente de Nessler à solução a analisar.

Referências

  1. ↑ a b Análise de Nitrogênio Amoniacal - Universidade Federal do Pará - Laboratório de Química Analítica e Ambiental - www.ufpa.br
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