Quelea

Como ler uma infocaixa de taxonomiaQuelea
Quelea-de-cabeça-vermelha
Quelea-de-cabeça-vermelha
Classificação científica
Reino: Animalia
Filo: Chordata
Classe: Aves
Ordem: Passeriformes
Família: Ploceidae
Género: Quelea

Quelea é um gênero de pequenas aves passeriformes que pertencem à família Ploceidae, confinadas, em grande parte, na África. Estas aves são de pequeno porte e gregárias, com bicos adaptados para comer sementes. Queleas podem ser nômades em grandes áreas; a quelea-de-bico-vermelho é considerada como a espécie de ave mais numerosa no mundo.[1]

As queleas-de-bico-vermelho são a espécie de ave mais comum no mundo[1] e formam bandos que chegam às dezenas de milhar de indivíduos.

Taxonomia

Há três espécies pertencentes a este gênero:

Um bando de queleas-de-bico-vermelho
Imagem Nome científico Nome Comum Distribuição
Quelea cardinalis Quelea-cardeal  Burundi, República Democrática do Congo, Etiópia, Quénia, Malawi, Ruanda, Sudão do Sul, Tanzânia, Uganda e Zâmbia.
Quelea erythrops Quelea-de-cabeça-vermelha Angola, Benin, Botswana, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Camarões, República Central Africana, Chade, República do Congo, República Democrática do Congo, Costa do Marfim, Guiné Equatorial, Etiópia, Gabão, Gâmbia, Gana, Guiné, Guiné-Bissau, Quénia, Libéria, Malawi, Mali, Moçambique, Níger, Nigéria, Ruanda, São Tomé e Príncipe, Senegal, Serra Leoa, África do Sul, Sudão, Essuatíni, Tanzânia, Togo, Uganda, Zâmbia e Zimbabué.
Quelea quelea Quelea-de-bico-vermelho  partes ocidentais da África do Sul e áridas regiões do litoral da Namíbia e Angola

Filogenia

Com base em recentes análises de DNA, a quelea-de-bico-vermelho é considerada de um grupo grupo-irmão de um clado constituinte com ambas as restantes espécies do gênero Quelea, nomeadamente Q. cardinalis e Q. erythrops. O gênero pertence ao grupo dos verdadeiros tecelões (subfamília Ploceinae), e é também relacionado com o gênero Foudia, que contém seis ou sete espécies que ocorrem nas ilhas do oceano índico ocidental. Este clado é um grupo-irmão para a Ásia de espécies do gênero Ploceus.

A seguinte árvore representa a visão atual das relações entre as espécies Quelea e seus parentes mais próximos:[2]

 
 
gênero Quelea
 

Q. quelea

 
 
 

Q. cardinalis

 
 

Q. erythrops

 
 
 
 

gênero Foudia

 
 
 

Espécies asiáticas do gênero Ploceus

 
 

O cruzamento entre queleas de cabeça-vermelha (Q. erythrops) e de bico-vermelho (Q. quelea) foi observado em cativeiro.[3]

Referências

  1. ↑ a b Sekercioglu, Cagan Hakki (2006). «Foreword». In: Josep del Hoyo, Andrew Elliott and David Christie. Handbook of the Birds of the World. 11: Old World Flycatchers to Old World Warblers. Barcelona: Lynx Edicions. 48 páginas. ISBN 84-96553-06-X 
  2. ↑ De Silva, Thilina N.; Peterson, A. Townsend; Bates, John M.; Fernandoa, Sumudu W.; Girard, Matthew G. (2017). «Phylogenetic relationships of weaverbirds (Aves: Ploceidae): A first robust phylogeny based on mitochondrial and nuclear markers». Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 109: 21–32. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2016.12.013. Consultado em 5 de abril de 2017 
  3. ↑ «Quelea quelea (weaver bird)». www.cabi.org. Consultado em 20 de março de 2018 

Impacto na agricultura

Quelea erythrops - África do Sul - com grama no bico

Q. quelea é uma das principais pragas para pequenos grãos de cereais em grande parte da África Subsariana (excetuando os grãos de milho, que são grandes demais para essas aves). Q. erythrops pode causar danos substanciais ao arroz. Q. cardinalis, no entanto, não é reconhecida por atacar plantações.[1]

Referências

  1. ↑ «An updated bibliography of the African Quelea species». South African Journal of Science. 97  cited on «Abstract - An updated bibliography of the African Quelea species». Invasive Species Compendium 

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