Pseudópode

Pseudópodes são estruturas citoplasmáticas encontradas em alguns eucarióticos, por exemplo em Amoebozoas.[1]

Formas de pseudopodia

Basicamente podem ser distinguidos cinco tipos pseudopodia: lobopódios, filopódios, lamelipódios, reticulopódios e axopódios.[2]

Lobopódios

Os lobópodes são encontrados especialmente em Amoebozoas, têm algo como uma lingua em forma de cone ou tubo[2] e podem mudar sua forma muito rapidamente.[3] No seu interior, o plasma flui muito rapidamente. [2] Podem ser simples (espécies monopodiais) ou em maior número (espécie polipodial).[4] Os lobópodes servem principalmente para movimento.[5]

Filopódios

Os filopódios são extensões finas como Varetas nas células formadas por fibras de actina.[6] Os filópodes são comuns em radiolários (Radiolaria) e são encabeçados por saliências da célula, geralmente em linha reta mas às vezes em curvas, por vezes pouco ramificados. Sua axonema não possui microtúbulos.[3] Em macrófagos atuam como tentáculos, retirando objetos vinculados à célula, a fim de incorporar por fagocitose.[7]

Lamelipódios

Os processos celulares dos lamelipódios são muito amplas, por exemplo, as encontradas em alguma Aconchulina. [2]

Reticulopódios

São formas especiais de pseudópodes encontradas exclusivamente em foraminíferos[3] de única célula e com estilo de vida predominantemente estacionário.[8]

Este pseudopodes ramificam-se e também podem fundir-se novamente. Eles formam extensas redes (redes pseudopodiais)[8] que servem para capturar a presa, locomoção, o transporte de organelos no interior da célula e âncora de solo. Os reticulopódios sempre possuem fluxo de grãos[3] e microtúbulos internos.[2]

Axopódios

Os axopódios, às vezes chamado Actinopódios, são encontrados nos processos celulares da Heliozoa e da Radiolaria,[9] são particularmente longos e retos como microtúbulos de axonemas. Eles são encarregados da captura de presas e de aumentar a resistência à água, bem como algum transporte. [3]

Referências

  1. ↑ Gerard J. Tortora. Microbiologia. Artmed; ISBN 978-85-363-2698-6. p. 348.
  2. ↑ a b c d e Klaus Hausmann, Norbert Hülsmann, Renate Radek: Protistology, 3. Aufl., Schweizerbart, 2003, S. 23, ISBN 3-510-65208-8
  3. ↑ a b c d e Rudolf Röttger: Wörterbuch der Protozoologie In: Protozoological Monographs, Bd. 2, 2001, ISBN 3-8265-8599-2
  4. ↑ Klaus Hausmann, Norbert Hülsmann, Renate Radek: Protistology, 3. Aufl., Schweizerbart, 2003, S. 146, ISBN 3-510-65208-8
  5. ↑ Klaus Hausmann, Norbert Hülsmann, Renate Radek: Protistology, 3. Aufl., Schweizerbart, 2003, S. 213, ISBN 3-510-65208-8
  6. ↑ Christopher D. Moyes. Principios de Fisiologia Animal. Artmed; ISBN 978-85-363-2324-4. p. 207.
  7. ↑ Kress H, Stelzer EH, Holzer D, Buss F, Griffiths G, Rohrbach A (2007). «Filopodia act as phagocytic tentacles and pull with discrete steps and a load-dependent velocity». Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 104 (28): 11633–11638. PMC 1913848Acessível livremente. PMID 17620618. doi:10.1073/pnas.0702449104 
  8. ↑ a b Stichwort „Retikulopodien.“ In: Herder-Lexikon der Biologie. Spektrum Akademischer Verlag GmbH, Heidelberg 2003. ISBN 3-8274-0354-5
  9. ↑ Frank Schätzing. O misterioso mundo dos oceanos. Leya; 2009. ISBN 978-972-20-3873-7. p. 238.

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