Proto-oncogene

Um proto-oncogene é um gene normal que se torna um oncogene devido a uma mutação ou ao aumento de expressão gênica. As proteínas resultantes podem ser denominadas "oncoproteínas".[1] Os proto-oncogenes codificam proteínas que ajudam a regular o crescimento e a diferenciação celular. Os proto-oncogenes também estão frequentemente envolvidos com a transdução de sinal e com a execução de sinais mitóticos, geralmente através de seus produtos proteicos. Com sua ativação, um proto-oncogene (ou seu produto) se transforma em um agente indutor de tumores, um oncogene.[2] Exemplos de proto-oncogenes incluem RAS, WNT, MYC, ERK e TRK. A expressão de oncogenes pode ser regulada por microRNAs (miRNAs), pequenos RNAs com 21-25 nucleotídeos de comprimento que controlam a expressão por downregulation.[3] Mutações nesses microRNAs podem levar à ativação de oncogenes.[4] Os RNAs mensageiros antissenso podem, teoricamente, ser utilizados para bloquear os efeitos dos oncogenes.

Referências

  1. ↑ Chapter 20 - NEOPLASMS OF THE THYROID - in: Mitchell, Richard Sheppard; Kumar, Vinay; Abbas, Abul K.; Fausto, Nelson. Robbins Basic Pathology. Philadelphia: Saunders. ISBN 1-4160-2973-7  8th edition.
  2. ↑ Todd R, Wong DT (1999). «Oncogenes». Anticancer Res. 19 (6A): 4729–46. PMID 10697588 
  3. ↑ Negrini M, Ferracin M, Sabbioni S, Croce CM (2007). «MicroRNAs in human cancer: from research to therapy». J Cell Sci. 120 (Pt 11): 1833–40. PMID 17515481. doi:10.1242/jcs.03450 
  4. ↑ Esquela-Kerscher A, Slack FJ (2006). «Oncomirs - microRNAs with a role in cancer». Nat Rev Cancer. 6 (4): 259–69. PMID 16557279. doi:10.1038/nrc1840 
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