Predições da evolução

Parte de uma série sobre
Evolução
Diagrama da divergência dos grupos taxonómicos modernos em relação aos seus ancestrais comuns.

Predições da evolução[1] são consequências dedutivas da Teoria da evolução que foram ou deverão ser observadas[1][2]. A predição é uma das propriedades da teoria evolutiva de poder fazer previsões rigorosas sobre o que possa acontecer com organismos vivos sob circunstâncias específicas[1]. A diferença entre o poder de previsão da teoria da evolução e de outras teorias científicas é de escala, não de tipo ou qualidade.

Predições da teoria evolutiva

  • A teoria evolutiva predisse que pares de cromossomos dentro de organismos assexuados evoluirão independentemente uns dos outros e se tornarão cada vez mais diferentes ao longo do tempo em um fenômeno denominado efeito Meselson[3]. Em 2016, pesquisadores da Universidade de Glasgow demonstraram a ocorrência do efeito Meselson pela primeira vez em qualquer organismo a nível genômico estudando um parasita chamado Trypanosoma brucei gambiensis.[3]
  • Cientistas previram que um par a menos de cromossomos que os humanos possuem em relação aos grandes macacos seriam a fusão ou divisão de cromossomos de um antepassado comum. A hipótese de fusão foi confirmada em 2005 pela descoberta de que o cromossomo 2 humano é homólogo a uma fusão de dois cromossomos que permanecem separados em outros primatas.[4]
  • O biólogo Ernst Mayr predisse em 1954 que a especiação deveria ser acompanhada por grande crescimento evolutivo. Uma análise filogenética apoiou essa afirmação.[5]
  • A teoria evolutiva predisse que organismos em ambientes heterogêneos e que mudam bastante deveriam ter maiores taxas de mutações. Isso foi descoberto em casos de bactérias infectando pulmões de pacientes com fibrose cística crônica.[6]
  • O biólogo Charles Darwin predisse, baseado em homologias com primatas africanos, que os ancestrais humanos surgiram na África. Isso foi confirmado por evidências fósseis e evidências genéticas.[7]

Ver também

Referências Bibliográficas

  1. ↑ a b c Scriven, Michael (28 de agosto de 1959). «Explanation and Prediction in Evolutionary Theory». Science (em inglês). 130 (3374): 477–482. ISSN 0036-8075. PMID 14444298. doi:10.1126/science.130.3374.477 
  2. ↑ Mueller, Laurence D.; Rose, Michael R. (24 de dezembro de 1996). «Evolutionary theory predicts late-life mortality plateaus». Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 93 (26): 15249–15253. ISSN 0027-8424. PMID 8986796 
  3. ↑ a b «www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2016/01/160126085755.htm». www.sciencedaily.com. Consultado em 12 de fevereiro de 2017 
  4. ↑ Hillier, LaDeana W.; Graves, Tina A.; Fulton, Robert S.; Fulton, Lucinda A.; Pepin, Kymberlie H.; Minx, Patrick; Wagner-McPherson, Caryn; Layman, Dan; Wylie, Kristine (7 de abril de 2005). «Generation and annotation of the DNA sequences of human chromosomes 2 and 4». Nature (em inglês). 434 (7034): 724–731. ISSN 0028-0836. doi:10.1038/nature03466 
  5. ↑ Webster, Andrea J.; Payne, Robert J. H.; Pagel, Mark (25 de julho de 2003). «Molecular phylogenies link rates of evolution and speciation». Science (New York, N.Y.). 301 (5632): 478. ISSN 1095-9203. PMID 12881561. doi:10.1126/science.1083202 
  6. ↑ Oliver, A.; Cantón, R.; Campo, P.; Baquero, F.; Blázquez, J. (19 de maio de 2000). «High frequency of hypermutable Pseudomonas aeruginosa in cystic fibrosis lung infection». Science (New York, N.Y.). 288 (5469): 1251–1254. ISSN 0036-8075. PMID 10818002 
  7. ↑ Ingman, Max; Kaessmann, Henrik; Pääbo, Svante; Gyllensten, Ulf (7 de dezembro de 2000). «Mitochondrial genome variation and the origin of modern humans». Nature (em inglês). 408 (6813): 708–713. ISSN 0028-0836. doi:10.1038/35047064 

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