Prémio Bollingen

O Prémio Bollingen de Poesia é é uma honra literária entregue a um poeta norte-americano em reconhecimento do melhor livro com novos versos nos últimos dois anos, ou em reconhecimento do conjunto da obra.[1] É entregue a cada dois anos pela Biblioteca de Livros e Manuscritos Raros Beinecke da Universidade de Yale.

Criação e controvérsia

O prémio foi criado em 1948 por Paul Mellon, tendo sido financiado com uma bolsa de 10,000 dólares americanos da Fundação Bollingen para a Biblioteca do Congresso. Quer o prémio quer a fundação foram nomeados com o nome da vila de Bollingen, Suíça, onde Carl Jung tinha uma retiro no campo, a Torre Bollingen. O prémio inaugural, decidido por um júri de Correspondentes em Letras Americanas da Biblioteca do Congresso foi entregue a Ezra Pound pela sua colectânea de poemas The Pisan Cantos.

A escolha de uma obra de um homem que tinha sido um simpatizante dedicado do fascismo, enfureceu muitas pessoas durante a Guerra Fria Americana, e pressões políticas levaram ao fim do envolvimento do Congresso no programa. A parte não utilizada da bolsa foi devolvida à Fundação Bollingen em 1949.[1][2][3]

Continuação através da Biblioteca da Universidade de Yale

A Fundação Bollingen decidiu continuar o programa, com as tarefas administrativas geridas pela Biblioteca da  Universidade de Yale. O prémio foi entregue anualmente de 1948 a 1963. Em 1963 o valor do prémio aumentou 5,000 dólares americanos, e passou a ser entregue de dois em dois anos. Após 1968, quando a Fundação Bollingen foi dissolvida, a Fundação Andrew W. Mellon continuou o prémio. Em 1973 a Fundação Mellon estabeleceu uma dotação de 100,000 dólares americanos à Biblioteca de Yale para que esta continue a entregar o prémio perpetuamente.[3]

Em 1961 um prémio semelhante foi criado pela Fundação Bollingen para a melhor tradução, tendo sido vencido por Robert Fitzgerald pela sua tradução de Odisseia. Também foi vencido por  Walter W. Arndt pela sua tradução de  Eugene Onegin, e em 1963 por Richard Wilbur e Mona Van Duyn jointly.

Vencedores

2015 Nathaniel Mackey
2013 Charles Wright
2011 Susan Howe
2009 Allen Grossman
2007 Frank Bidart
2005 Jay Wright
2003 Adrienne Rich
2001 Louise Glück
1999 Robert Creeley
1997 Gary Snyder
1995 Kenneth Koch
1993 Mark Strand
1991 Laura Riding Jackson e Donald Justice
1989 Edgar Bowers
1987 Stanley Kunitz
1985 John Ashbery e Fred Chappell
1983 Anthony Hecht e John Hollander
1981 Howard Nemerov e May Swenson
1979 W. S. Merwin
1977 David Ignatow
1975 A. R. Ammons
1973 James Merrill
1971 Richard Wilbur e Mona Van Duyn
1969 John Berryman e Karl Shapiro
1967 Robert Penn Warren
1965 Horace Gregory

Entrega anual

1963 Robert Frost
1962 John Hall Wheelock e Richard Eberhart
1961 Yvor Winters
1960 Delmore Schwartz e David Jones
1959 Theodore Roethke
1958 E. E. Cummings
1957 Allen Tate
1956 Conrad Aiken
1955 Léonie Adams e Louise Bogan
1954 W. H. Auden
1953 Archibald MacLeish e William Carlos Williams
1952 Marianne Moore
1951 John Crowe Ransom
1950 Wallace Stevens
1949 Ezra Pound

Referências

  1. ↑ a b "The Bollingen Prize for Poetry at Yale," Arquivado em 19 de maio de 2011, no Wayback Machine. webpage maintained by Yale University.
  2. ↑ McGuire, William (1982).
  3. ↑ a b McGuire, William (1988).

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