Porta Angélica

Porta Angélica
Porta Angélica Porta Angélica c. 1800
Porta Angélica Aquarela de Ettore Roesler Franz, c. 1880
Informações gerais
Tipo	Portão da cidade
Construção	século XVI
Promotor(a)	Papa Pio IV
Estado de conservação	demolido
Geografia
País	Itália
Cidade	Roma
Localização	Rione XIV - Borgo
Coordenadas	41° 54′ 22,4″ N, 12° 27′ 24,1″ L

Porta Angélica Porta Angélica

Localização em mapa dinâmico

Porta Angélica (em latim: Porta Angelica) era um antigo portão na Muralha Leonina no rione Borgo de Roma, Itália. Ela ficava na esquina da moderna Viale dei Bastioni di Michelangelo, Piazza Risorgimento e Via di Porta Angelica, onde está um brasão do papa Pio IX atualmente.

História

Construído antes de 1563 pelo papa Pio IV com uma abossadura simples e elegante, era a principal rota de acesso para os peregrinos chegando em Roma pela Via Cássia ou a Via Flamínia.

O nome "Angélica" é uma referência ao nome de batismo do papa que a construiu, Giovanni Angelo Medici, que gostava de ser lembrado não apenas através de inscrições, mas pelo nome dos monumentos que construiu (a Porta Pia também foi dedicada a ele).

Alguns restos do portão ainda são visíveis incorporados na parede ao longo da Viale dei Bastioni di Michelangelo: uma inscrição linear, "ANGELIS SVIS MANDAVIT DE TE VT CVSTODIANT TE IN OMNIBVS VIIS TVIS" ("Ele enviou seus anjos a você para que eles cuidassem de ti em seu caminho"), o brasão de Pio IV (sem as esferas) e dois relevo de anjos segurando cruzes, que ficavam dos dois lados do portão. De acordo com alguns testemunhos, havia no portão uma inscrição, similar à que estava na Porta Castello, que dizia: "QUI VULT SALVAM REMP. NOS SEQUATUR" ("quem quiser salvar a república, siga-nos"), um chamado dito pelos dois anjos.

Segundo um costume em prática desde pelo menos o século V, este portão era alugado a cidadãos romanos juntamente com a guarita anexa. Em 1673, o controle, que incluía a coleta dos pedágios, estava a cargo da família nobre romana dos Carpegna e, em 1750, dos Lambertini. Como ambas as famílias eram parentes de pontífices reinantes, é provável que o tráfego pelo portão fosse intenso, assegurando uma receita adequada aos beneficiários.

No começo do século XVIII, algumas gaiolas de ferro foram acrescentadas no sótão do portão para guardar a cabeça dos executados, segundo o secular costume de exibir os condenados. A primeira cabeça revelada na Porta Angélica, em 4 de julho de 1703, pertencia a um tal Mattia Troiani, um criado de um monsenhor da Cúria assassinado por ele.

Foi neste local que, em 30 de abril de 1849, aconteceu o primeiro ataque contra a República Romana, proclamada pelas tropas francesas do general Charles Oudinot e combatida pelas tropas de Giuseppe Garibaldi.

Foi demolida em 1888, juntamente com um grande trecho da muralha que ligava o local ao Castelo de Santo Ângelo, como parte das obras urbanísticas de modernização do rione Borgo.

Antes e depois

Imagem antes da demolição.

Imagem do local hoje.

Notar os anjos, o brasão do papa Pio IV e a inscrição, hoje instalados num trecho da Muralha Leonina.

Ver também

Lista das portas de Roma

Bibliografia

Mauro Quercioli, "Le mura e le porte di Roma", Newton Compton, 1982 (em italiano)
Laura G. Cozzi, "Le porte di Roma", F. Spinosi Ed., Rome, 1968 (em italiano)

Ligações externas

O Commons possui uma categoria com imagens e outros ficheiros sobre Porta Angélica

«Porta Angelica» (em inglês). Rome Art Lover

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