Pontífice

 Nota: Para o título papal, veja Papa. Para o cargo público romano, veja Pontífice máximo.

Pontífice (em latim: pontifex; lit. "construtor de pontes") era, na Antiguidade romana, um membro do principal colégio (colégio) de sacerdotes, o Colégio de Pontífices (Collegium Pontificum),[1][2] cujo líder era o pontífice máximo (pontifex maximus), inicialmente um posto religioso, posteriormente incorporado pelo imperador romano.[3]

Uma vez que originalmente o termo "Pontífice" refere-se a qualquer sumo sacerdote, como pode ser observado em sua tradução em outras línguas, como o grego,[4][5] desde o século V o título foi usado para descrever bispos notáveis[1], e após o século XI, o termo teria passado a ser utilizado apenas para os papas.[6]

Referências

  1. ↑ a b "Pontifex". Oxford English Dictionary, março de 2007
  2. ↑ Smith, William. Pontifex, A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities, pp. 939-942
  3. ↑ Pontifex Maximus. LacusCurtius. Página visitada em 15-8-2006
  4. ↑ Políbio 23.1.2 e 32.22.5; Corpus Inscriptionum Atticarum 3.43, 3.428 und 3.458 (Nesta obra "Pontifex" é traduzido como "ἀρχιερεύς" - literalmente, "sumo sacerdote").
  5. ↑ Corpus Inscriptionum Graecarum 2.2696 and 3.346; Plutarco Numa 9.4 (Nesta obra "Pontifex" é traduzido como"ἀρχιερεὺς μέγιστος" - literalmente, "o maior sumo sacerdote").
  6. ↑ «Pope». Catholic Encyclopedia; New Advent. Consultado em 21 de fevereiro de 2010 

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