Polo orbital

Um "instantâneo" dos polos orbitais do Sistema Solar. O ponto amarelo ao centro, é o polo orbital Norte do Sol, o ponto laranja é o de Júpiter, o azul claro é o de Mercúrio, o verde é o de Vênus, o azul é o da Terra, o vermelho é de Marte, o violeta é de Saturno, o cinza é de Urano, o lavanda é de Netuno o polo orbital de Plutão está marcado pela cruz abaixo de "Cepheus". Esse diagrama não é 100% preciso, é apenas uma referência.

Um polo orbital é um dos pontos no extremo de um segmento de linha imaginário que corre pelo centro da órbita de um corpo no espaço, um planeta por exemplo, e que é perpendicular ao plano orbital. Projetados na esfera celeste, polos orbitais, são semelhantes em conceito, aos polos celestes, mas são baseados na órbita do corpo e não no seu equador celeste.

Os polos orbitais

Do ponto de vista da Terra, para cada planeta, o polo orbital é expresso em coordenadas eclípticas e é dado pela longitude do nó ascendente (☊) e inclinação (i): l = ☊ - 90°, b = 90° - i.

Objeto ☊ [1] i l b RA Dec [2] Constelação [3]
Mercúrio 48.331° 7.005° 318.331° 82.995° 18 h 43 m 57.1 s +61° 26′ 53″ Draco
Vênus 76.680° 3.39458° 346.680° 86.60542° 18 h 32 m 1.8 s +65° 34′ 2″
Terra 348.73936° 0.00005° 258.73936° 89.99995° 17 h 59 m 59.994 s +66° 33′ 38.83″
Marte 49.558° 1.850° 319.558° 88.150° 18 h 13 m 29.7 s +65° 19′ 22″
Júpiter 100.464° 1.303° 10.464° 88.697° 06 h 12 m 59.8 s +66° 45′ 51″ Camelopardalis
Saturno 113.665° 2.485° 23.665° 87.515° 06 h 23 m 46.5 s +67° 26′ 59″
Urano 74.006° 0.773° 344.006° 89.227° 18 h 7 m 24.4 s +66° 20′ 13″ Draco
Netuno 131.784° 1.768° 41.784° 88.232° 06 h 13 m 54.3 s +67° 42′ 7″ Camelopardalis

Polo eclíptico

Existe um caso específico: os polos orbitais da Terra, são designados de polos eclípticos.

A eclíptica é o plano no qual a Terra orbita o Sol. Os polos eclípticos são os dois pontos onde os eixos eclípticos, as linhas imaginárias perpendiculares à eclíptica, intersectam a esfera celeste.[4][5]

Os dois polos eclípticos estão ilustrados abaixo.


O polo eclíptico Norte está em Draco.
O polo eclíptico Sul está em Dorado.

Ver também

Referências

  1. ↑ Epoch J2000
  2. ↑ Converted from l, b using Les Coleman, Frosty Drew Observatory & Sky Theatre: Tools: Equatorial and Ecliptic Coordinates
  3. ↑ Moews, David (2008); Finding the constellation which contains given sky coordinates
  4. ↑ Oster, Ludwig (1984). Astronomía moderna (em espanhol). [S.l.]: Reverte. p. 45. 539 páginas. ISBN 978-8429141412. Consultado em 18 de agosto de 2019 
  5. ↑ Astronomy Department (23 de agosto de 2012). «Precession» (em inglês). University of Michigan. Consultado em 18 de agosto de 2019 

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