Polemo

 Nota: Para a divindade, veja Polemo (divindade).
Polemo
Polemo
Nascimento século IV a.C.
Atenas
Morte 270 a.C.
Atenas Antiga
Cidadania Atenas Antiga
Ocupação filósofo
Movimento estético platonismo

Polêmon ou Polemo de Atenas (em grego: Πολέμων; d. 270/269 a.C.) foi um proeminente filósofo Platonista e terceiro sucessor de Platão como mestre na Academia de Platão de 314/313 até 270/269 a.C.[1] Discípulo de Xenócrates, acreditava que a filosofia deve ser praticada e não apenas estudada e destacava que o bem maior era viver de acordo com a natureza.

Vida

Polemo era filho de Filóstrato, um homem de riqueza e distinção política. Em sua juventude, ele era extremamente perdulário, muito dado ao deboche e a extravagância, gastando grande parte de seu tempo em devassidão e bebedeira. Um dia, tomado pela embriaguez adentrou a escola de Xenócrates e com ar insolente ridicularizou suas observações despertando grande indignação nos presentes. Xenócrates não reprimiu o jovem com severidade, mas mudou seu discurso ampliando a virtude da modéstia e da intemperança. A repreensão foi sentida e Polemo ficou tão impressionado com a eloquência e força do discurso do acadêmico que a partir daquele momento renunciou a vida desregrada que então vivia e passou a dedicar-se inteiramente ao estudo da filosofia. Ele tinha trinta anos e a partir daquele dia nunca mais bebeu nada além de água e após a morte de Xenócrates sucedeu a seu mestre na escola onde fez reformas.[2][3]

Seus discípulos incluem Crates de Atenas, que era seu eromenos,[4] Crantor de Cilícia,[5] Zenão de Cítio[6] e Arcesilau.[7] Eusébio de Cesareia, Crônica faleceu em 270/269 a.C. (em alguns manuscritos 276/275 a.C.). Diógenes Laércio diz que ele morreu em uma idade avançada e de morte natural.[8] Crates de Atenas foi seu sucessor na Academia de Platão.[9]

Filosofia

Diogenes relata de que ele era um seguidor de Xenócrates em todas as coisas.[10] Ele estimava o objeto da filosofia como um exercício das pessoas em coisas e ações e não em especulações dialéticas;[11] seu caráter era grave e severo;[10] e tinha orgulho de mostrar o domínio que tinha adquirido sobre as emoções de toda espécie. Na literatura, admirava Homero e Sófocles e dizem ter sido o autor do comentário, que Homero é um Sófocles épico e Sófocles um trágico Homero.[8]

Escritos

Ele deixou, de acordo com Diógenes, vários tratados, nenhum dos quais vigentes quando a Suda foi compilada. Há, no entanto, uma citação feita por Clemente de Alexandria, seja dele ou de outro filósofo do mesmo nome, "Quanto à vida de acordo com a natureza" (em grego: ἐν τοῖς περὶ τοῦ κατὰ φύσιν βίου),[12] e outra passagem, sobre felicidade, que concorda exatamente com a afirmação de Cícero,[13] onde Polemon define como summum bonum (melhor bem) é viver de acordo com a natureza.

Referências

  1. The New Century Classical Handbook; Catherine Avery, redator; Appleton-Century-Crofts, New York, 1962; p. 906:
    "Polemon... Platonic philosopher... the successor (314 B.C.) of Xenocrates as head of the Academy. He died 270"
    ("Polemon... Filósofo platonista... o sucessor (314 a.C.) de Xenocrates como chefe da Academia. Morreu em 270")
  2. Diógenes Laércio, iv. 16
  3. John Lemprière (1839). A Classical Dictionary, Containing a Copious Account of All the Proper Names Mentioned in Antient Authors... [S.l.: s.n.] pp. 2– 
  4. Diógenes Laércio, iv. 21, 22
  5. Diógenes Laércio, iv. 17, 22
  6. Diógenes Laércio, vii. 2, 25
  7. Diógenes Laércio, iv. 22, 24
  8. a b Diógenes Laércio, iv. 20
  9. Diógenes Laércio, iv. 21
  10. a b Diógenes Laércio, iv.
  11. Diógenes Laércio, iv. 18
  12. Clemente de Alexandria, Stromata, vii. p. 117
  13. Cicero, de Finibus, iv. 6

Bibliografia

Ligações externas

  • Diogenes Laërtius, Life of Polemo, traduzida para o inglês por Robert Drew Hicks (1925).

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