Plasmódio

Plasmodiocarpo do bolor limoso Hemitrichia serpula: a estrutura viva contém muitos núcleos, não separados uns dos outros por membranas celulares ou paredes celulares

Um plasmódio é uma estrutura viva de citoplasma que contém muitos núcleos, em vez de ser dividido em células individuais, cada uma com um único núcleo.

Os plasmódios são mais conhecidos a partir de bolores limosos, mas também são encontrados no parasita Myxosporea, e algumas algas, como o Chlorarachniophyta.

Estrutura

Um plasmódio é uma massa amebóide, multinucleada e nua de citoplasma que contém muitos núcleos diplóides. A estrutura resultante, um cenócito, é criada por muitas divisões nucleares sem o processo de citocinese, que em outros organismos separa as células recém-divididas.[1] Em alguns casos, a estrutura resultante é um sincício, criado pela fusão de células após a divisão. Sob condições adequadas, os plasmódios diferenciam-se e formam corpos de frutificação com esporos nas pontas.

Distribuição taxonômica

O termo plasmódio, introduzido por Leon Cienkowski,[2] geralmente se refere à fase de alimentação dos bolores limosos; estes são micetozoários macroscópicos.[3]

Os estágios de desenvolvimento multinucleados de alguns parasitas intracelulares, nomeadamente Microsporidia (agora em Fungi) e Myxosporidia (agora em Cnidaria), antigos cnidosporanos, também são chamados de plasmódios.[4]

Da mesma forma, em Rhizaria, os protoplastos multinucleados amebóides de algumas algas Cercozoa, por exemplo, Chlorarachniophyta, são chamados de plasmódios. Estes carecem de paredes celulares; os sincícios são criados por fusão celular. Alguns plasmodiofóridos e haplosporidianos são outros rizarianos multinucleados.[5]

Referências

  1. ↑ Sharma OP. (1988). «4. Myxomycota». Textbook of Fungi. Boston: McGraw Hill Higher Education. pp. 33–48. ISBN 978-0-07-460329-1. Consultado em 31 de janeiro de 2013 
  2. ↑ Kuznicki, L. & Dryl, S. (1987). Leon Cienkowski. Acta Protozoologica 26 (1): 1-2, [1].
  3. ↑ Berg, Linda (2008). Introductory Botany: Plants, People, and the Environment 2nd ed. Belmont CA: Thomson Corporation. p. 398. ISBN 978-0-03-075453-1 
  4. ↑ Hoek, C. van den, Mann, D.G. and Jahns, H.M. (1995). Algae An Introduction to Phycology. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. ISBN 0-521-30419-9.
  5. ↑ Brown MW, Kolisko M, Silberman JD, Roger AJ. (2012). Aggregative Multicellularity Evolved Independently in the Eukaryotic Supergroup Rhizaria. Current Biology, Volume 22, Issue 12, 1123-1127.

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