Placa epifisária

Placa epifisária

Radiografia da parte inferior da perna de uma criança de 12 anos, mostrando placa epifisária em crescimento na tíbia e na fíbula.

Zona hipertrófica da placa epifisária apresentando três zonas: de maturação (parte superior), degenerativa (parte média) e de calcificação (parte inferior).
Identificadores
Latim lamina epiphysialis

A placa epifisária (ou placa do crescimento) é uma placa de cartilagem hialina localizada na metáfise da terminação dos ossos longos. A placa é encontrada em crianças e adolescentes, pois tem a função de auxiliar no crescimento ósseo. Nos adultos, que já pararam de crescer, a placa é substituída por uma linha epifisária.

Organização histológica

A placa epifisária apresenta uma morfologia muito específica com um arranjo em zonas.[1]

Zona da placa epifisária
(da epífise para a diáfise)		 Descrição
Zona de reserva São encontrados condrócitos quiescentes na região terminal da epífise.
Zona de proliferação Os condrócitos realizam várias mitoses sob a influência do hormônio do crescimento.
Zona de maturação e hipertrofia Os condrócitos interrompem as mitoses e começam a sofrer hipertrofia devido ao acúmulo de glicogênio, lipídios e fosfatase alcalina.
Zona de calcificação Os condrócitos sofrem apoptose. A matriz cartilaginosa começa a ser calcificada.
Zona de ossificação Os osteoclastos e os osteoblastos da diáfise penetram na cartilagem calcificada e a substituem por tecido ósseo mineralizado.

Referências

  1. ↑ Ovalle, William K.; Nahirney, Patrick C. (2007). Netter's essential histology : with Student consult online access 1 ed. Philadelphia, Pa.: Elsevier Saunders. ISBN 9781929007868 

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