Penitência de Canossa

Henrique IV em Canossa, pintura de Eduard Schwoiser, 1862.
Ruínas do Castelo de Canossa.

A Penitência de Canossa, também chamada Caminho a Canossa, é a viagem que Henrique IV do Sacro Império Romano-Germânico fez entre Speyer e o Castelo de Canossa, na Emília-Romanha, e a espera a que foi sujeitado para conseguir se encontrar com o papa Gregório VII em janeiro de 1077. O objetivo era solicitar-lhe a revogação da sua excomunhão.

Este episódio sucedeu após a luta política que contrapunha a autoridade da Igreja guiada por Gregório VII à autoridade imperial de Henrique IV, conhecida como Controvérsia das investiduras.

Através da mediação de Matilde de Canossa e do abade de Cluny, Hugo, Henrique IV teve que permanecer três dias e três noites, de joelhos, às portas do castelo, com frio e neve, vestido como um monge, com uma túnica de lã e descalço para poder conseguir o perdão papal.[1] O papa recebeu-o e concedeu-lhe o levantamento da excomunhão sob certas condições, mas que Henrique rapidamente violaria.

O episódio de Canossa foi um duríssimo golpe para o Império, que não mais recuperaria, reforçando o poder do papado.

Hoje a expressão "Caminho de Canossa" é usada para indicar uma petição humilhante.

Referências

  1. ↑ «Podcast Hoje na História: 1077 - Imperador Henri IV ajoelha-se aos pés do papa Gregório VII». operamundi.uol.com.br. Consultado em 1 de janeiro de 2024 

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