Passagem de Shanhai

Grande Muralha da China ★

Paso Shanhai en 2008.
Tipo Cultural
Critérios i, ii, iii, iv, vi
Referência 438
Região ♦ Ásia e Oceania
País  China
Histórico de inscrição
Inscrição 1987

★ Nome usado na lista do Património Mundial

 ♦ Região segundo a classificação pela UNESCO

A Passagem de Shanhai ( chinês simplificado : 山海关; chinês tradicional : 山海關.), também conhecido como Shanhaiguan, é uma das principais passagens da Grande Muralha da China . [1] Foi chamado durante a dinastia Ming como a "primeira passagem na Terra". É a seção mais oriental do Muro, atravessa as Montanhas Yan e alcança o Mar Amarelo ao nível da Baía de Bohai . [2] Em 1987, foi declarada Patrimônio da Humanidade pela Unesco como parte da Grande Muralha. [3]

Está localizado em Qinhuangdao, na província de Hebei, na República Popular da China . [4] Em 1381, durante a dinastia Ming, começou a construção de fortificações em Shanhaiguan para impedir o avanço dos mongóis e manchus . Nesse período, a passagem de Shanhai se tornou a mais fortificada da Grande Muralha. O muro atingiu uma altura de 14 metros. [1]

Na área costeira de Shanhaiguan, o muro se estendia por 6,5 quilômetros, tinha seis metros de altura e três metros de largura. Além disso, era feito de tijolos e terra batida. [2] Em 1644, foi realizada a batalha da passagem de Shanhai, na qual o general Wu Sangui derrotou Li Zicheng, em aliança com os Manchus, que entraram na China Central e estabeleceram a dinastia Qing . Em 1961, tornou-se um patrimônio histórico protegido pelo governo chinês. [1]

Veja também

Referências

  1. ↑ a b c Hu, Wen. Michael Dillon, ed. Encyclopedia of Chinese History. [S.l.: s.n.] 602 páginas. ISBN 978-0-415-42699-2 
  2. ↑ a b Cummins, Joseph. The War Chronicles: From Chariots to Flintlocks. [S.l.: s.n.] 300 páginas. ISBN 978-1-59233-296-0 
  3. ↑ «The Great Wall». whc.unesco.org 
  4. ↑ «Shanhai Pass defines boundary between Korean and Chinese history». korea.net (em inglês) 

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