Pé de Elefante

O Pé de Elefante é o nome concedido a uma grande massa de corium, material semelhante à lava criado no núcleo de um reator nuclear após um acidente, formada logo após o desastre de Chernobil. Atualmente, está enterrado em um corredor de distribuição de vapor sob o reator, sendo ainda hoje mortalmente radioativo.

Origem

O Pé de Elefante é uma grande massa negra de corium com várias camadas formada em abril de 1986 e descoberta em dezembro daquele ano. É assim chamada por possuir aparência enrugada, o que remonta a um pé de elefante. Encontra-se sob a sala 217, do reator Número 4 de Chernobil.[1][2]

Composição

O Pé de Elefante é composto principalmente por dióxido de silício, com traços de urânio.[3][4] A massa é bastante homogênea, embora o silicato despolimerizado possa conter grãos cristalizados de zirconita não distendidos, o que sugere uma taxa de cristalização moderada. Enquanto dendritos de dióxido de urânio se desenvolveram rapidamente graças às altas temperaturas dentro do material, a zirconita começa a se cristalizar durante o lento processo de resfriamento do material. Por volta de junho de 1998, as camadas exteriores começaram a virar pó, rachando a massa.[5]

Letalidade

Quando descoberto, por volta de oito meses após ser formado, a radiação captada em seu entorno era de aproximadamente 10000 Roentgens (equivalente a 100 Grays por hora), emitindo uma dose letal mediana de radiação (4,5 grays) em menos de três minutos.[6] Desde então, a intensidade de sua radiação vem diminuindo, permitindo que Artur Kornayev se aproximasse para tirar fotos do material radioativo em 1996, enquanto trabalhava como vice-diretor do Novo Projeto de Confinamento.[7]

Referências

  1. ↑ Hill, Kyle. «Chernobyl's Hot Mess, "the Elephant's Foot," Is Still Lethal» (em inglês). Nautilus. Consultado em 17 de Junho de 2019 
  2. ↑ Chernobyl record : the definitive history of the Chernobyl catastrophe. [S.l.]: Institute of Physics Pub. p. 130. ISBN 9781420034622 
  3. ↑ Jaromir Kolejka, ed. (2002). Role of GIS in lifting the cloud off Chernobyl. [S.l.]: Kluwer Academic Publishers. p. 72. ISBN 9781402007682 
  4. ↑ Ann Larabee (2000). Decade of disaster. [S.l.]: University of Illinois Press. p. 50. ISBN 9780252068201 
  5. ↑ Vlasova, Irina; Shiryaev, Andrey; Ogorodnikov, Boris; Burakov, Boris; Dolgopolova, Ekaterina; Senin, Roman; Averin, Alexey; Zubavichus, Yan; Kalmykov, Stepan (2015). «Radioactivity distribution in fuel-containing materials (Chernobyl "lava") and aerosols from the Chernobyl "Shelter"». Radiation Measurements. 83: 20–25. ISSN 1350-4487. doi:10.1016/j.radmeas.2015.06.005 
  6. ↑ «Daily Report: Soviet Union». United States Foreign Broadcast Information Service. 235-239. 1989 
  7. ↑ Goldenberg, David (27 de abril de 2014). «The Famous Photo of Chernobyl's Most Dangerous Radioactive Material Was a Selfie» (em inglês). Atlas Obscura. Consultado em 17 de Junho de 2019 

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