Orestes de Jerusalém

Orestes de Jerusalém foi o patriarca de Jerusalém entre 986 e 1006.

Vida e obras

Nada se sabe sobre os primeiros anos da vida de Orestes. Seu patriarcado começou numa atmosfera tranquila por conta de sua amizade com o vizir cristão Issa ibne Nastur e sua esposa russa, também cristã, que permitiu que ele influenciasse o califa fatímida Alaziz. Porém, a situação logo mudou quando Aláqueme Biamir Alá, filho de al-Aziz, o sucedeu. A mudança foi drástica, pois o novo califa era um muçulmano fanático.

Destruição da Igreja do Santo Sepulcro

Aláqueme acreditava ser uma encarnação de uma divindade e começou a perseguir tanto os cristãos quanto os judeus através de uma série de ordens que visavam segregá-los. Ele começou em 1004 ao ordenar que todos os cristãos e judeus vestissem um turbante preto e um cinto especial. Em 1008, ele proibiu a fabricação de vinho e proibiu a procissão do Domingo de Ramos, que saía de Betânia até a Igreja do Santo Sepulcro. Ele também começou uma campanha de conversão forçada para o Islã entre todos os oficiais cristãos, dispensando os que se negavam. Adicionalmente, ele ordenou que cristãos e judeus agora vestissem também mantos pretos, que só viajassem em mulas e portassem símbolos de sua fé nos banhos (uma cruz para os cristãos e um bezerro de madeira para os judeus).

Durante os anos de 1006-7, os vários grupos cristãos na Terra Santa comemoravam a Páscoa em dias diferentes. Durante o seu episcopado, Orestes viajou à Constantinopla, deixando o comando do patriarcado de Jerusalém e a gestão da controvérsia com o patriarca de Alexandria Arsênio de Alexandria, que estabeleceu uma data unificada para a celebração depois de ver que os cristãos egípcios e palestinos seriam incapazes de um acordo. Orestes faleceu enquanto estava em Constantinopla.

A pior afronta ainda estava por vir. Em 1009, após a morte de Orestes, o califa ordenou a destruição da Igreja do Santo Sepulcro. Ela começou em 28 de setembro de 1009 e todos os edifícios adjacentes também foram demolidos. Todos os materiais considerados de valor foram levados pelos muçulmanos.

Ligações Externas

Este artigo incorpora texto da Orthodox Wiki (em inglês) (artigo "Orestus of Jerusalem").
«A História da Igreja de Jerusalém» (em inglês). More Who is Who. Consultado em 26 de maio de 2012
«al-ʿAzīz» (em inglês). Enciclopédia Britannica. Consultado em 26 de maio de 2012

Precedido por
José II

Patriarcas de Jerusalém
986–1006

Sucedido por
Teófilo I

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