Nossa Senhora da Guia é um dos muitos títulos atribuídos à Virgem Maria. Seu carácter é atribuído ao de padroeira dos navegantes,[1] sendo a sua devoção conhecida em Portugal e no Brasil.
Em Portugal, é comum haver festas e igrejas construídas em honra à Nossa Senhora da Guia. Em Vila do Conde, o edifício paroquiano aparece no inventário do Mosteiro de Guimarães do século XI, em 1054.[2] Na localidade há festa e romaria, sempre iniciada no mês de fevereiro.[2]
No Brasil, as imagens de Nossa Senhora da Guia e do Senhor do Bonfim foram trazidas diretamente de Portugal em 1745.[3] Os ícones estão localizados na Igreja de Nosso Senhor do Bonfim, em Salvador, na Bahia.[3]
A origem da devoção à Nossa Senhora da Guia no Brasil remete-se a Theodózio Rodrigues Faria, capitão português de Mar e Guerra.[4] Em 18 de abril de 1745, ele solicitou a José Botelho de Matos, então arcebispo da Bahia, para fundar uma irmandade dos devotos leigos, com o objetivo de manter o culto a Nossa Senhora da Guia e ao Senhor do Bonfim, além de desenvolver atividades como o zelo pela devoção e a evangelização e catequese.[4]
As festividades em honra à Nossa Senhora da Guia se espalharam em outros municípios do Brasil. Em Eldorado, no interior de São Paulo, a devoção chegou em 1757, antes da fundação do município.[5]
Há registradas celebrações em honra à Nossa Senhora da Guia em Alagoinhas (BA),[6] Acari (RN),[7] Patos (PB),[8] Divinópolis (MG)[9] e Mangaratiba (RJ), onde a santa é padroeira do município.[10]
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