Neurônio unipolar

Neurônio unipolar
Neurônio unipolar
Neurônio unipolar
Subclasse de neurónio
Cell Ontology CL_0000106
Foundational Model of Anatomy 67278
Ilustração de um neurônio unipolar. Célula nervosa com apenas uma projeção a partir de seu corpo celular.
Ilustração de um neurônio unipolar, exemplo da célula 'em escova'.

Um neurônio unipolar é um neurônio no qual apenas um processo, chamado neurito, se estende do corpo celular. O neurito então se ramifica para formar processos dendríticos e axonais. A maioria dos neurônios no sistema nervoso central de invertebrados, incluindo insetos, são unipolares.[1][2] Os corpos celulares dos neurônios unipolares de invertebrados geralmente estão localizados ao redor das bordas do neurópilo, na chamada casca do corpo celular.[3]

A maioria dos neurônios no sistema nervoso central dos vertebrados, incluindo mamíferos, são multipolares.[4] Contudo, alguns neurônios no cérebro dos vertebrados têm uma morfologia unipolar: um exemplo notável é a célula 'em escova' unipolar, encontrada no cerebelo e na região granular do núcleo coclear dorsal.[5]

Alguns neurônios sensoriais de vertebrados são classificados como pseudo-unipolares. Esses inicialmente se desenvolvem como células bipolares, mas em algum momento, os dois prolongamentos que se estendem do corpo celular se fundem para formar um único neurito.[4] O axônio então se divide em dois ramos. Os neurônios sensoriais com corpos celulares nos gânglios da raiz dorsal da medula espinhal dos vertebraos são pseudounipolares: um ramo se projeta para a periferia (para receptores sensoriais na pele, articulações e músculos), o outro para a medula espinhal.

Ver também

Referências

  1. ↑ The Oxford handbook of invertebrate neurobiology. New York, NY: [s.n.] 2019. ISBN 978-0-19-045675-7. OCLC 1040078331 
  2. ↑ Bullock, Theodore H.; G. Adrian Horridge (1965). Structure and Function in the Nervous Systems of Invertebrates: Volume II. [S.l.]: W. H. Freeman 
  3. ↑ Strausfeld, Nicholas James (2012). Arthropod brains : evolution, functional elegance, and historical significance. [S.l.]: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press. ISBN 978-0-674-04633-7. OCLC 778852029 
  4. ↑ a b Kandel, Eric R. (2000). Principles of neural science. [S.l.]: Prentice Hall. ISBN 0-8385-7701-6. OCLC 541621060 
  5. ↑ Martin, John Harry (2003). Neuroanatomy: Text and Atlas. [S.l.]: McGraw-Hill Professional. ISBN 0-07-138183-X 

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