Nangklao

Nangklao

Phra Bat Somdet Phra Nangklao Chao Yu Hua (em tailandês: พระบาทสมเด็จพระนั่งเกล้าเจ้าอยู่หัว) ou Rama III (Grande Palácio de Bangkok, 31 de março de 1787 – Bangkok, 2 de abril de 1851) foi o terceiro rei da Dinastia Chakri da Tailândia, governando de 21 de julho de 1824 até 2 de abril de 1851. Ele sucedeu seu pai, Buddha Loetla Nabhalai, como líder máximo do Reino de Sião. Sua sucessão não foi tradicional, pois ele era o filho de uma concubina e não da rainha consorte.[1] Muitos estrangeiros e rivais viram sua subida ao trono como uma usurpação do direito do príncipe Mongkut, que era filho legítimo de seu pai, Buddha Loetla Nabhalai, nascido de uma rainha, Sri Suriyendra. Porém, segundo os preceitos antigos da monarquia tailandesa, o rei de direito deve emular o Maha Sammata, sendo "eleito pelo povo".[2] Ironicamente, o príncipe Mongkut pode ter contribuído para este equívoco, pois temia que se ele própria, o filho mais novo, ascendesse ao trono, estrangeiros poderiam achar que ele fosse o usurpador, ao invés do irmão mais velho.[3]

Durante o reinado de Nangklao, a hegemonia militar tailandesa na região foi estabelecida após vários sucessos militares, como a destruição da Rebelião Chao Anu (1826-1829), e as vitórias nas guerras contra o Vietnã em 1831–34 e 1841–45.

Seu governo foi marcado por certa prosperidade econômica e fortalecimento de sua dinastia no poder. Quando ele faleceu, em 1851, apesar dos 51 filhos gerados, ele não deixou um herdeiro com uma esposa legítima. Por isso, seu meio-irmão, o príncipe Mongkut, o sucedeu no trono da Tailândia.[4]

Referências

  1. ↑ Wales, H. G. Quaritch. «Pt. III, Ch. VI, 1. Succession». Siamese state ceremonies. Londres: Bernard Quaritch. p. 67. Consultado em 25 de abril de 2012 
  2. ↑ Dhani Nivat, Kromamun Bidyalabh Bluitiyakara (1947). «The Old Siamese conception of the Monarchy» (PDF). Siamese Heritage Trust. Journal of the Siam Society. JSS Vol.36.2b (digital). Consultado em 25 de junho de 2014 
  3. ↑ Bradley, William Lee (1969). «The Accession of King Mongkut» (PDF). Siam Heritage Trust. Journal of the Siam Society. JSS Vol. 57.1f (digital). Consultado em 17 de março de 2013 
  4. ↑ A History of Thailand (2009), página 31

Precedido por
Buddha Loetla Nabhalai		 Rei da Tailândia
1824 – 1851		 Sucedido por
Mongkut
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