Musulâmios

O Império Romano na época de Adriano (r. 117–138), mostrando a localização dos musulâmios, que na época habitavam as regiões desérticas dos modernos estados da Tunísia e Argélia

Musulâmios (em latim: Musulamii) eram uma confederação de tribos getulas falantes do berbere[1] do povo mauro que habitava as regiões desérticas que hoje compõem as regiões de Chotts na Tunísia e na Argélia, além da província romana da Mauritânia Cesariense, que foi anexada ao Império Romano em 44. Eles devem ser reconhecidos como subdivisões de um mesmo povo e não como entidades separadas, como descreveu Júnio Bleso, que descreve a guerra contra Tacfarinas como sendo contra os "povos getulos" (Gaetulas Gentes)[2].

Região

Originalmente ficava entre Sica e Teveste[3]. Por conta dos constantes distúrbios provocados pelos musulâmios, o governo romano na região decidiu aumentar sua influência sobre a tribo e colocá-la sob controle[4]. Assim, eles foram confinados em um conjunto de terras determinado pelas fronteiras das colônias de veteranos de Amedara, Mauduro e Teveste, onde foram forçados a aprender técnicas agrícolas sedentárias que eram completamente inapropriadas para aquele tipo de terreno[5]. A região delimitada tinha provavelmente cerca de 80 quilômetros quadrados[6], o que deixava claro que o melhor de suas terras haviam sido tomadas pelas novas colônias[7]. O musulâmios eram nômades e a mudança teve grande impacto sobre seu estilo de vida. Porém, há evidências de que nem todas as tribos musulâmias estavam na região e que algumas unidades nômades ainda percorriam a região ao sul dos montes Tébessa[6].

História militar

Os musulâmios tiveram seu primeiro grande envolvimento com os romanos durante as Guerras Gétulas, que duraram de 3 a 6 d.C., na qual tiveram apenas um papel marginal[8]. Em 17, os musulâmios, liderados por Tacfarinas, se revoltaram com os romanos por causa da construção de uma estrada pela III Augusta atravessando seu território. A eles se juntaram os getulos e os vizinho garamantes, o que resultou na maior guerra na região da moderna Argélia no Norte da África romano durante todo o período de ocupação romana[8].

Depois da derrota, em 24, os musulâmios desapareceram dos registros militares romanos.

Referências

  1. Garnsey (1976)
  2. Syne 222; ILS 939, 12
  3. Ilevbare 1974, 195; Ver figura 1.4 em Cherry 98
  4. Syne 224
  5. Peasant studies 231
  6. a b C.R. Whittaker 529
  7. Syne 225
  8. a b Frontier and Society in Roman North Africa. Dr. David Cherry. Oxford University Press. 1998. pp. 39 (em inglês)

Bibliografia

  • Garnsey, Peter (1976). "Peasants in ancient Roman society". Journal of Peasant Studies 3: 221–235.

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