Movimento Chipko

Membros do movimento original em comemoração de 2004.

O Movimento Chipko é um movimento ecológico que floresce na Índia desde os anos 1970.[1]

Nasceu como resultado de inúmeras iniciativas independentes em comunidades que buscavam a proteção da florestas como meio de salvar seus meios tradicionais de subsistência através do uso sustentável. Seus primeiros líderes e principais ativistas foram em geral mulheres, mas alguns homens também se destacaram. Seu método de atuação se caracterizou pela resistência pacífica, inspirada no modelo de Mahatma Gandhi[1] e atendendo ao seu apelo para que as mulheres, que permaneciam à sombra dos homens na cultura indiana, se juntassem à luta nacionalista, sensibilizando-as particularmente porque eram elas as principais responsáveis pelo trabalho agrícola e pela geração da renda do campo.[2] O nome significa "abraço", já que as mulheres costumavam formar barreiras com seus corpos em torno de árvores para evitar seu corte.[1]

A primeira atividade do Movimento organizado ocorreu em abril de 1973, em Uttar Pradesh, onde Gaura Devi mobilizou 27 mulheres para enfrentar os madeireiros.[3] Nos anos seguintes ele se disseminou por vários locais, conquistando importantes vitórias, como o banimento do corte de árvores em várias províncias indianas.[1] Permanecia também envolvido no atendimento de vítimas de desastres naturais.[2]

O Movimento atraiu atenção mundial.[2] Na análise do Programa das Nações Unidas para o Meio Ambiente, o Movimento Chipko "está produzindo uma revolução socioeconômica ao ganhar controle sobre seus recursos florestais, retirando-o das mãos de uma burocracia distante que está preocupada em vender as florestas para produzir bens de consumo voltados às cidades".[4] Segundo a professora universitária Shobita Jain, "as mulheres que participavam do Movimento Chipko se tornaram mais conscientes de suas potencialidades e agora estão exigindo participação nas decisões de suas comunidades".[2]

Ver também

Referências

  1. ↑ a b c d The Right Livelihood Award. The Chipko Movement (India) Arquivado em 3 de março de 2016, no Wayback Machine..
  2. ↑ a b c d Jain, Shobita. Standing up for trees: Women's role in the Chipko Movement. Forestry Department, FAO Corporate Document Repository.
  3. ↑ International Institute for Sustainable Development. Chipko Movement, India Arquivado em 16 de maio de 2003, no Wayback Machine..
  4. ↑ Haynes, Jeffrey. Democracy and Civil Society in the Third World: Politics and New Political Movements. John Wiley & Sons, 2013, s/pp. (e-book)

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