Modelo em espiral

O objetivo do modelo espiral é prover um metamodelo que pode acomodar diversos processos específicos. Isto significa que podemos encaixar nele as principais características dos outros modelos de desenvolvimento de software, adaptando-os a necessidades específicas de desenvolvedores ou às particularidades do software a ser desenvolvido. Em um esforço para combinar as vantagens dos conceitos de top-down e bottom-up, acrescentando um novo elemento, a análise de riscos que falta a essas conservas.

História

O modelo em espiral foi definido por Barry Boehm em seu artigo de 1988 A Spiral Model of Software Development and Enhancement. Este modelo não foi o primeiro a discutir o Desenvolvimento iterativo e incremental, mas ele foi o primeiro modelo a explicar o porquê do modo iterativo. Como originalmente antevisto, as iterações têm uma duração típica de 6 meses a dois anos. Cada ciclo do modelo em espiral possui quatro atividades principais, onde se elaboram os objetivos (Planejamento), avaliam-se as alternativas (Análise de riscos), definem-se as entidades de software em um projeto (Engenharia) e planeja-se o próximo ciclo (Atualização).[1]

Aplicação

Para uma típica aplicação, o modelo em espiral deverá significar que se tem uma visão grosseira dos elementos como uma aplicação utilizável, adicionando características nas fases e, a determinado ponto, o gráfico final.

O modelo espiral é usado com mais freqüência em grandes projetos. Para pequenos projetos, os conceitos de desenvolvimento de software ágil torna-se uma alternativa mais viável. O Exército dos Estados Unidos tem adotado o modelo em espiral para seus programas dos Sistemas de combate do futuro.

Vantagens

  • Suporta mecanismos de redução de risco
  • Inclui interações
  • Reflete as práticas reais da engenharia atual
  • Apresenta uma abordagem sistemática
  • Estimativas (por exemplo: cronogramas) tornam-se mais realísticas com o progresso do trabalho, porque problemas importantes são descobertos mais cedo.
  • É mais versátil para lidar com mudanças (sempre inevitáveis) que desenvolvimento de software geralmente exigem.
  • Engenheiros de software (que sempre estão impacientes com alongamento da fase de projeto) podem começar o trabalho no sistema mais cedo.

Ver também

Referências

  1. ↑ «Metodologias Clássicas: Espiral». Metodologias Clássicas. Consultado em 16 de maio de 2019 

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