Mercado cinza

Um mercado cinza, ou mercado paralelo,[1] é o comércio de uma mercadoria por meio de canais de distribuição que, embora legais, são não oficiais, não autorizados, ou não intencionais pelo fabricante original. O tipo mais comum de mercado cinza é a venda de bens importados (trazidos por pequenas empresas de importação ou pessoas não autorizadas pelo fabricante) que de outra forma seriam mais caros no país e estão sendo importados legalmente com a cobrança de impostos. Um exemplo são drogas que estão sendo importadas para as nações mais ricas nas proximidades onde o distribuidor local da droga cobra um preço mais elevado por um produto similar ou equivalente.

O termo Economia Cinza, no entanto, refere-se aos trabalhadores que são pagos "por baixo dos panos", sem recolher imposto de renda ou contribuição para tais serviços públicos. [2] É por vezes referido como a economia subterrânea ou "economia paralela".

Os dois principais tipos de mercados de cinza são as de produtos manufaturados importados que normalmente seriam indisponíveis ou mais caro em um determinado país e ações não emitidos que ainda não são negociados em mercados oficiais. Às vezes, o termo mercado negro é usado para descrever a negociação secreta e não regulamentado (embora muitas vezes tecnicamente legal) de futuros de commodities, como aconteceu com o petróleo bruto em 2008.[3] Isso pode ser considerado um terceiro tipo de "mercado cinza" , uma vez que é legal, mas não regulamentado, e provavelmente não intencional ou explicitamente autorizada pelos produtores de petróleo.

Mercados Cinzas são amplamente descritos e estimulados pelo Agorismo, embora muitas de suas atividades sejam consideradas crime em grande parte do mundo.

Referências

  1. ↑ "What is Parallel Market" (Archived). The Gray Blog. Retrieved 8 September 2010.
  2. ↑ "Hidden economy a hidden danger" San Diego Union-Tribune, May 30, 2010
  3. ↑ «Victory: "Close the ENRON Loophole" Bill is Small Step In Right Direction». Consultado em 16 de dezembro de 2008. Arquivado do original em 7 de janeiro de 2009 

Ver também

Ícone de esboço Este artigo sobre economia é um esboço. Você pode ajudar a Wikipédia expandindo-o.

Read other articles:

List of United States commemorative coins and medals before 1900

1848 Circulating coins Face value Coin Obverse design Reverse design Composition Mintage Available Obverse Reverse $2.50 CAL Liberty quarter eagle [Note 1] Standard Liberty Head quarter eagle obverse Standard Liberty Head quarter eagle reverse with CAL. punched into the field 90% Au, 10% Cu Uncirculated: 1,389 (P)[1] 1848 1892 Non-circulating coins Face value Coin Obverse design Reverse design Composition Mintage Available Obverse Reverse 50¢ Columbian half dollar Christopher Columb...

 

Peter Faber (pemeran)

Peter FaberPeter Faber pada tahun 2010Lahir9 Oktober 1943 (umur 80)Schwarzenbach an der Saale, Reich KetigaKebangsaanBelandaPekerjaanPemeran Untuk teolog, lihat Petrus Faber. Peter Faber (lahir 9 Oktober 1943) adalah aktor panggung, televisi, dan film Belanda. Ia juga merupakan ayah dari Jasper Faber dan Jesse Faber, yang juga mengikuti jejaknya sebagai pemeran. Biografi Peter Faber terlahir dari ayah Belanda dan ibu Jerman, dan sejak kecil sudah berwatak pemberontak.[1] Keluarg...

 

Adirondak Loj

Historic lodge in North Elba, Essex County, New York 44°10.95′N 73°58′W / 44.18250°N 73.967°W / 44.18250; -73.967 The Loj, rebuilt in 1928 The Adirondak Loj (pronounced Adirondack Lodge) is a historic lodge in North Elba, Essex County, New York. It is near Lake Placid in the Adirondack Mountains. The current facility, located on the shore of Heart Lake, was built in 1927 and is owned and operated by ADK (Adirondack Mountain Club). The Loj property hosts the tra...

Топонимические легенды

Эта статья описывает ситуацию применительно лишь к одному региону, возможно, нарушая при этом правило о взвешенности изложения. Вы можете помочь Википедии, добавив информацию для других стран и регионов. Капитолийская волчица, вскармливающая братьев Ромула и Рема. Один ...

 

Символ валюты

О символах денежных единиц см. Знаки валют. Символы со сходным начертанием: Ѻ · ѻ · Ꟁ · ꟁ · Ⱉ · ⱉ · Ⱒ · ⱒ Символ валюты ¤ Изображение ◄   ¡ ¢ £ ¤ ¥ ¦ § ¨ ► Характеристики Название currency sign Юникод U+00A4 HTML-код ¤ или &&#...

 

منتخب إندونيسيا لكرة القدم

منتخب إندونيسيا لكرة القدم (بالفرنسية: équipe des Indes orientales néerlandaises de football)‏(بالإندونيسية: Tim nasional sepak bola Indonesia)‏  معلومات عامة بلد الرياضة  إندونيسيا الفئة كرة القدم للرجال  رمز الفيفا IDN  الاتحاد اتحاد إندونيسيا لكرة القدم كونفدرالية الاتحاد الآسيوي لكرة القدم الملع...

Howard T. Odum

American ecologist (1924–2002) This article is about the American ecologist. For the American sociologist, see Howard W. Odum. This article has multiple issues. Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page. (Learn how and when to remove these template messages) This article's lead section may be too short to adequately summarize the key points. Please consider expanding the lead to provide an accessible overview of all important aspects of the article. (April 2021)This ar...

 

Amber Liu (penyanyi)

Amber Liu劉逸雲Amber Liu pada acara Style Icon Asia 2016Nama Tionghoa劉逸雲Nama Tionghoa劉逸雲 (Tradisional)Nama Tionghoa刘逸云 (Sederhana)PinyinLiú Yìyún (Mandarin)JyutpingLau4 Jat6 Wan4 (Kanton)Nama LahirAmber Josephine LiuLahir18 September 1992 (umur 31)Los Angeles, California, Amerika SerikatNama Lain엠버 (Amber)Pekerjaan Penyanyi-penulis lagu rapper penari Genre K-pop InstrumenVokalrappinggitardrumLabel S.M. Entertainment Situs webamber.smtown.com Amber Liu Hanzi tr...

 

Mo'onia Gerrard

Australian netball player Mo'onia GerrardOAM Gerrard in Tonga 2012Personal informationBorn (1980-11-15) 15 November 1980 (age 43)Bathurst, AustraliaHeight 1.80 m (5 ft 11 in)Occupation Tan technicianSpouse Dave DennisRelatives Mark Gerrard (brother) Wycliff Palu (first cousin)Netball career Playing position(s): GD, WDYears Club team(s) Apps1999–2003 Sydney Sandpipers 2004–07 Sydney Swifts 2008–10 Adelaide Thunderbirds 2011 New South Wales Swifts Years National t...

Man Hunt (1985 film)

1985 film This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Find sources: Man Hunt 1985 film – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (April 2019) (Learn how and when to remove this template message) Man HuntDVD coverDirected byFabrizio De AngelisWritten byFabrizio De AngelisDardano Sacchetti (story)Produced byFab...

 

Max Yasgur

American farmer (1919–1973) Max YasgurYasgur at Woodstock in 1969, which was held on part of his dairy farm in Bethel, New YorkBornMax B. Yasgur(1919-12-15)December 15, 1919New York City, U.S.DiedFebruary 9, 1973(1973-02-09) (aged 53)Marathon, Florida, U.S.Alma materNew York UniversityOccupationFarmerYears active1949−1971Known forLeasing a field of his farm for the purpose of holding the Woodstock festivalPolitical partyRepublicanChildrenSam, Lois Yasgur's farm at 27 Y...

 

Geoffrey Howard (cricketer)

English cricketer and cricket administrator Geoffrey Howard Cecil Geoffrey Howard (14 February 1909 – 8 November 2002) was an English cricketer and cricket administrator. Geoffrey Howard was born in Hampstead Garden Suburb, a grandson of Sir Ebenezer Howard, a founder of the Garden City Movement, who taught him a respect for people and a love for cricket. He was educated at the University College School. He is related to the dancer and television actress Una Stubbs, his niece, and her son t...

Silvestre Reyes

Sylvestre Reyes Silvestre Silver Reyes[1] (lahir 10 November 1944) adalah mantan anggota DPR dari 1997 sampai 2013. Ia berasal dari Partai Demokrat. Referensi ^ Congressional Record Pranala luar Wikimedia Commons memiliki media mengenai Silvestre Reyes. U.S. Representative Silvestre Reyes official U.S. House website Silvestre Reyes for U.S. Congress Diarsipkan 2020-11-19 di Wayback Machine. official campaign website Biografi di Biographical Directory of the United States Congress Cata...

 

Comabbio

Comabbio komune di Italia Comabbio (it) Tempat Negara berdaulatItaliaRegion di ItaliaLombardyProvinsi di ItaliaProvinsi Varese NegaraItalia Ibu kotaComabbio PendudukTotal1.199  (2023 )GeografiLuas wilayah4,69 km² [convert: unit tak dikenal]Ketinggian307 m Berbatasan denganMercallo Cadrezzate con Osmate Sesto Calende Ternate Varano Borghi Vergiate Travedona-Monate SejarahSanto pelindungYakobus Informasi tambahanKode pos21020 Zona waktuUTC+1 UTC+2 Kode telepon0331 ID ISTAT012054 Kode...

 

Fleur Anderson

British politician Fleur AndersonMPOfficial portrait, 2019Member of Parliamentfor PutneyIncumbentAssumed office 12 December 2019Preceded byJustine GreeningMajority4,774 (9.5%) Shadow portfolios 2023–presentNorthern Ireland2021–2023Paymaster General2021–2021Cabinet Office Member of Wandsworth Councilfor BedfordIn office22 May 2014 – April 2021Succeeded byHannah Stanislaus Personal detailsBornKathleen Fleur Anderson (1971-02-06) 6 February 1971 (age 53)Jersey, Channel ...

2016年美國總統選舉

2016年美國總統選舉 ← 2012 2016年11月8日 2020 → 538個選舉人團席位獲勝需270票民意調查投票率55.7%[1][2] ▲ 0.8 %   获提名人 唐納·川普 希拉莉·克林頓 政党 共和黨 民主党 家鄉州 紐約州 紐約州 竞选搭档 迈克·彭斯 蒂姆·凱恩 选举人票 304[3][4][註 1] 227[5] 胜出州/省 30 + 緬-2 20 + DC 民選得票 62,984,828[6] 65,853,514[6]...

 

New Zealand at the 2020 Summer Paralympics

Sporting event delegationNew Zealand at the2020 Summer ParalympicsIPC codeNZLNPCParalympics New ZealandWebsiteparalympics.org.nzin TokyoCompetitors29 in 6 sportsFlag bearers Sophie Pascoe & William Stedman (styled Hāpai Kara, leadership roles replacing flag bearer titles) [1]Medals Gold 6 Silver 3 Bronze 3 Total 12 Summer Paralympics appearances (overview)196819721976198019841988199219962000200420082012201620202024 New Zealand competed at the 2020 Summer Paralympics in Toky...

 

哈萨克斯坦总统

此条目序言章节没有充分总结全文内容要点。 (2019年3月21日)请考虑扩充序言，清晰概述条目所有重點。请在条目的讨论页讨论此问题。 哈萨克斯坦總統哈薩克總統旗現任Қасым-Жомарт Кемелұлы Тоқаев卡瑟姆若马尔特·托卡耶夫自2019年3月20日在任任期7年首任努尔苏丹·纳扎尔巴耶夫设立1990年4月24日（哈薩克蘇維埃社會主義共和國總統） 哈萨克斯坦 哈萨克斯坦政府...

Native American genocide in the United States

Acts of genocide committed against Native Americans in the United States Native American genocide in the United States1919 illustration of a U.S. cavalry attack on a villageLocationUnited StatesTargetNative AmericansAttack typeGenocide, mass murder, forced displacement, ethnic cleansing, collective punishment, starvation, othersDeaths 96% population drop (1492–1900)[a] +4 million (est. 1492-1776)[3] 350,000 (58% population decline from 1800 to 1890)[4] Victims 98% lo...

 

تشارلز بوردوم

تشارلز بوردوم معلومات شخصية الميلاد 15 أكتوبر 1883   ساوثوورك  الوفاة 8 يوليو 1965 (81 سنة)   ولوين جاردن سيتي  مواطنة المملكة المتحدة المملكة المتحدة لبريطانيا العظمى وأيرلندا (–12 أبريل 1927)  الأولاد إدموند بوردوم  الحياة العملية المهنة كاتب،  واقتصادي،  وكات�...