Margem (finanças)

Em finanças, uma margem é uma garantia que o detentor de um instrumento financeiro tem de depositar para cobrir a totalidade ou parte do risco de crédito da sua contraparte (geralmente um corretor ou uma bolsa).[1][2] Este risco pode existir se o detentor:

  • pedir dinheiro emprestado à contrapartida para comprar instrumentos financeiros; ou
  • vender instrumentos financeiros a descoberto, ou
  • fizer parte de um contrato de derivados

A garantia pode ser na forma de dinheiro ou valores mobiliários, e é depositado num conta margem.

Compra em margem

A compra em margem consiste na aquisição de valores mobiliários com fundos obtidos por empréstimo de um corretor, usando outros valores mobiliários como garantia. Tal tem o efeito de aumentar qualquer ganho ou perda obtidos sobre os valores mobiliários. Os valores mobiliários servem de garantia do empréstimo. O valor líquido, i.e., a diferença entre o valor dos valores mobiliários e o valor do empréstimo, é inicialmente igual à quantia de dinheiro usada. Esta diferença tem de permanecer acima de um requisito de margem mínima, cujo propósito é proteger o corretor contra uma diminuição do valor dos valores mobiliários até ao ponto do investidor já não ser capaz de cobrir o empréstimo.

Referências

  1. ↑ Cundiff, Kirby R. «Monetary-Policy Disasters of the Twentieth Century». The Freeman Online. Consultado em 10 de fevereiro de 2009 
  2. ↑ Rappoport, Peter; White, Eugene N. (Março de 1994). «Was the Crash of 1929 Expected?». United States: American Economic Association. The American Economic Review. 84 (1): 271–281. JSTOR 2117982 
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