Língua lipan apache
O Lipan Apache é uma língua Atabascana Meridional que foi falada até o final do século XX pelo povo indígena norte-americano Apache no Texas e no Novo México. Em 1981, registrou-se a presença de comente 2 ou 3 falantes idosos.[1]
Escrita
O alfabeto latino que seria usado pelo Lipan Apache não tem as letras F, J, R, V, W.
As 5 vogais convencionais são usadas com um complexo sistema de diacríticos – Ex. ęę/ê^é
As consoantes são usadas em vários grupos consonantais. Usa-se as formas ł/£ e tł/t£
Amostra de texto
djùnà' ái bìdà' tíngè' t' á ìgaì dì gò' bè dà' gùnòyè gè' dè yà tc' ìndí dì djígùnà' ái bìjà jé' dá à' dj ' dè yà tc' ìndí d 'ìckî n dá à' dj ' dè yà h dè yà tc' ìndí d djùnà' ái bì dùt ' ìjì bìnànt' à' nànt' à' dòxá yò' bì ' ágòdo dí ì' bì dìs' èsts' tc' ìndí
Português
Sol, sua porta do lado de fora, Água branca, quatro camadas Por cima, acima da miragem, ele caminha, dizem eles. Sol, seu filho, um dia ele anda, dizem eles. Rapaz, um dia quem anda, ele anda, dizem eles. Sol, sua turquesa, seu chefe, chefe, nunca teve problemas com ele, aproximações sonoras, dizem eles - Idìyitá (ele faz isso andar)[2]
Notas
Bibliografia
- Breuninger, Evelyn; Hugar, Elbys; Lathan, Ellen Ann; & Rushforth, Scott. (1982). Mescalero Apache dictionary. Mescalero, NM: Mescalero Apache Tribe.
- Gatschet, Albert S. [1884]. Lipan words, phrases, and sentences. (Unpublished manuscript No. 81, Bureau of American Ethnology Archives, Smithsonian Institution).
- Gatschet, Albert S. [1885]. Lipan words, clans, and stories. (Unpublished manuscript No. 114, Bureau of American Ethnology Archives, Smithsonian Institution).
- Goddard, Pliny E. [1906]. Lipan texts. (Unpublished manuscript in Archives of Traditional Music, Indiana University, Bloomington.)
- Hoijer, Harry. (n.d.). Lipan texts. (Available from the American Philosophical Society, Chicago.) (Unpublished field notes, includes handwritten transcription and typed versions, 4 texts, one text published as Hoijer 1975).
- Hoijer, Harry. (1938). The southern Athapaskan languages. American Anthropologist, 40 (1), 75-87.
- Hoijer, Harry. (1942). Phonetic and phonemic change in the Athapaskan languages. Language, 18 (3), 218-220.
- Hoijer, Harry. (1945). The Apachean verb, part I: Verb structure and pronominal prefixes. International Journal of American Linguistics, 11 (4), 193-203.
- Hoijer, Harry. (1946). The Apachean verb, part II: The prefixes for mode and tense. International Journal of American Linguistics, 12 (1), 1-13.
- Hoijer, Harry. (1946). The Apachean verb, part III: The classifiers. International Journal of American Linguistics, 12 (2), 51-59.
- Hoijer, Harry. (1948). Linguistic and cultural change. Language, 24 (4), 335-345.
- Hoijer, Harry. (1956). Athapaskan kinship systems. American Anthropologist, 58 (2), 309-333.
- Hoijer, Harry. (1956). The chronology of the Athapaskan languages. International Journal of American Linguistics, 22 (4), 219-232.
- Hoijer, Harry. (1975). The history and customs of the Lipan, as told by Augustina Zuazua. Linguistics: An international review, 161, 5-37.
- Jung, Dagmar. (2000). "Word Order in Apache Narratives." In The Athabaskan Languages. (Eds. Fernald, Theodore and Platero, Paul). Oxford: Oxford UP. 92-100.
- Opler, Morris E. (1936). The kinship systems of the southern Athabaskan-speaking tribes. American Anthropologist, 38, 620-633.
- Webster, Anthony. (1999). "Lisandro Mendez’s ‘Coyote and Deer’: On narrative structures, reciprocity, and interactions." American Indian Quarterly. 23(1): 1-24.
Ligações externas
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