Limbo (botânica)

Em botânica, chama-se limbo ou lâmina à parte principal da folha, que é normalmente laminar das folhas das plantas vasculares; caracteriza-se por ser uma superfície achatada e ampla, possibilitando maior área de captação de luz e CO2. Em muitas espécies de algas, que não possuem verdadeiras folhas, chama-se lâmina à estrutura laminar do talo, normalmente com capacidade fotossintética, como as folhas verdes das plantas vasculares. Os órgãos laminares verdes dos musgos e outras plantas (no sentido da taxonomia de Lineu), que não têm a estrutura das folhas das plantas vasculares, denominam-se filóides ou filídeos.

Classificação

As folhas podem ser classificadas quanto à forma do limbo. Nas folhas simples do tipo Peninérvia podem ser:

  • Orbiculares: possuem forma bem arredondada;
  • Linear: são finas da base do limbo até o ápice da folha;
  • Lanceolada: possuem a base do limbo levemente arredondada, e vai se fechando conforme o decorrer da folha até ficar agudo;
  • Falciforme: possuem forma de foice;
  • Oval: possuem forma oval;
  • Oval lanceolada: possui base atenuada e conforme chega ao ápice vai ficando oval;
  • Oblonga: possui uma forma nem redonda nem quadrada;
  • Triangular: possui forma de triângulo;
  • Rômbica: possui forma que lembra um losango;
  • Espatulada: lembra uma espátula bem fina;
Nas folhas Palmadas
  • 7 lóbulos;
  • 5 lóbulos;
  • 3 lóbulos;
Quanto à margem do limbo
  • Inteira: possui margem normal;
  • Ciliada: possui pequenos cílios;
  • Dentada: possui cortes pequenos;
  • Crenada: possui em vez de cortes pequenas elevações arredondadas(lombadas);
  • Serrada: lembra a base de um serrote, cortes maiores que a dentada;
  • Lobada: possui divisões ovais;
  • Partida: possui a base cheia de divisões;
Quanto ao ápice do limbo
  • Agudo;
  • Acuminado: quando ao final do ápice possuem uma ponta;
  • Orbicular: quando possuem ápice arredondado;
  • Chanfrado: quando possuem um chanfro(corte) no ápice;
Quanto à base do limbo
  • Atenuada: possui leves curvas opostas;
  • Cordada: possui um chanfro;
  • Orbicular: possui base arredondada;
  • Assimétrica: possui clara diferença de altura, em relação aos lados separados pelo pecíolo;
Quanto ao pecíolo
  • Longo: pecíolo longo
  • Curto: pecíolo curto
  • Sessil: não contém pecíolo
  • Alado: contém uma bainha em volta do caule
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