Licurgo de Atenas

Licurgo de Atenas
Nascimento 390 a.C.
Atenas
Morte 324 a.C.
Atenas Antiga
Sepultamento Cerâmico
Cidadania Atenas Antiga
Filho(a)(s) Habron
Ocupação político, orador, escritor
Obras destacadas Against Leocrates

Licurgo (396 a.C. – 323 a.C.) viveu e morreu na cidade de Atenas, Grécia antiga. Foi um político e legislador influente, tendo sido também filósofo de grande reputação, mas pouco se sabe sobre sua bibliografia. Licurgo foi o orador que condenou Lysicles à morte, após a derrota ateniense na Batalha de Queroneia.[1] Licurgo geriu as finanças de Atenas por doze anos, e foi reconhecido por sua honestidade.[1]

Carreira

No rescaldo da derrota ateniense na Batalha de Queroneia em 338 a.C., ele se tornou a figura principal na política ateniense, assumindo o controle das finanças atenienses e promovendo uma série de medidas que aumentaram drasticamente as receitas de Atenas. Esse dinheiro foi usado para expandir a marinha, melhorar as fortificações da cidade, desenvolver os templos e cerimônias religiosas e construir uma grande reserva. Ele também encorajou a restauração dos valores tradicionais e processou aqueles que ficaram aquém de suas expectativas de comportamento cívico. Por causa de seu papel de liderança, o período de 338 a 324 a.C. costuma ser conhecido nos estudos modernos como a "Era de Licurgo".[2]

Ele foi um dos dez oradores áticos incluídos no "Cânone Alexandrino" compilado por Aristófanes de Bizâncio e Aristarco de Samotrácia no século III a.C.. Seu único discurso sobrevivente é o Contra Leocrates.[2]

Ele não deve ser confundido com o legislador espartano quase mitológico de mesmo nome.

Escritos

As Vidas dos Dez Oradores mencionam que existiam quinze orações de Licurgo quando foi escrito,[3]  provavelmente no final do século I a.C., mas sabemos os títulos de pelo menos vinte. Todos eles estão perdidos ou preservados apenas em fragmentos, exceto Contra Leocrates, que foi entregue em 330 a.C.

Como resultado, nosso conhecimento de seu estilo como orador é muito incompleto. Dionísio e outros críticos antigos chamam atenção especial para a tendência ética de suas orações, mas censuram a dureza de suas metáforas, a imprecisão no arranjo de seu assunto e suas frequentes digressões. Seu estilo era considerado nobre e grandioso, mas nem elegante nem agradável.[4] Suas obras parecem ter sido comentadas por Dídimo de Alexandria.[5]

Theon[6] menciona duas declamações, Encomium of Helen e Deploration of Eurybatus, como obras de Licurgo; mas este Licurgo, se o nome estiver correto, deve ser um personagem diferente do orador ático.

Against Leocrates foi impresso pela primeira vez por Aldus Manutius em sua edição dos oradores áticos em 1508.

Edições

Referências

  1. ↑ a b Diodoro Sículo, Biblioteca Histórica, Livro XVI, 80.1
  2. ↑ a b Habicht, Christian (1997). Athens from Alexander to Antony. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press. ISBN 0674051114
  3. ↑ Pseudo-Plutarch, p. 843; Photius, ibid.
  4. ↑ «LacusCurtius • Dio Chrysostom — Discourse 18». penelope.uchicago.edu. Consultado em 21 de abril de 2023 
  5. ↑ Harpocration, s.vv. "pelanos", "prokovia", "stroter".
  6. ↑ Theon, Progymnasmata

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