Libertino

Um libertino é uma pessoa desprovida da maioria dos princípios morais, senso de responsabilidade ou restrições sexuais, que são vistas como desnecessárias ou indesejáveis, especialmente alguém que ignora ou mesmo despreza a moral aceita e as formas de comportamento santificadas pela sociedade em geral. A libertinagem é descrita como uma forma extrema de hedonismo.[1][2][3] Os libertinos valorizam os prazeres físicos, ou seja, aqueles experimentados através dos sentidos. Como filosofia, a libertinagem ganhou novos adeptos nos séculos XVII, XVIII e XIX, particularmente na França e na Grã-Bretanha. Notáveis entre estes foram John Wilmot, 2º Conde de Rochester, e o Marquês de Sade.

História

A palavra foi cunhada por João Calvino para depreciar opositores de suas políticas em Genebra, Suíça.[4] Este grupo, liderado por Ami Perrin, argumentou contra a "insistência de Calvino de que a disciplina da igreja deveria ser aplicada uniformemente contra todos os membros da sociedade genebrina".[5] Perrin e seus aliados foram eleitos para o conselho da cidade em 1548, e "ampliou sua base de apoio em Genebra, despertando o ressentimento entre os habitantes mais velhos contra o número crescente de refugiados religiosos que fugiam da França em números ainda maiores".[6] Em 1555, os calvinistas estavam firmemente no conselho da cidade de Genebra, então os libertinos, liderados por Perrin, responderam com uma "tentativa de golpe contra o governo e pediram o massacre dos franceses. Este foi o último grande desafio político que Calvino teve que enfrentar". enfrentar em Genebra".[5]

Referências

  1. ↑ Feiner, Shmuel (6 de junho de 2011). The Origins of Jewish Secularization in Eighteenth-Century Europe. [S.l.]: University of Pennsylvania Press. ISBN 978-0812201895 – via Google Books 
  2. ↑ «libertine» – via The Free Dictionary 
  3. ↑ "libertine" at WordNet
  4. ↑ Gordon, Alexander (1911). «Libertines». In: Chisholm, Hugh. Encyclopædia Britannica (em inglês) 11.ª ed. Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. (atualmente em domínio público) 
  5. ↑ a b Zophy, Johnathan W. (2003). A Short History of Renaissance and Reformation Europe: Dances Over Fire and Water. [S.l.]: Prentice Hall. p. 226. ISBN 978-0-13-097764-9 
  6. ↑ Delon, Michel (2013). Encyclopedia of the Enlightenment (em inglês). [S.l.]: Routledge. pp. 2362–2363. ISBN 978-1-135-96005-6 

Bibliografia

  • Choderlos de Laclos - As Relações Perigosas.
  • Marquês de Sade - Os Crimes do Amor, 120 Dias de Sodoma, Justine.
  • Restif de La Bretonne - Anti-Justine ou As Delícias do Amor.
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