Lei da utilidade marginal

A Lei da utilidade marginal expressa que em uma relação econômica a utilidade marginal decresce à medida que se consome mais uma unidade.[1]

(em inglês) The greater the supply of a good, the lower the marginal utility; the smaller the supply, the higher the marginal utility; (Quanto maior é a oferta de um bem, menor é a utilidade marginal; quanto menor a oferta de um bem, maior é a utilidade marginal)[2]

A utilidade total de um bem cresce quando se consome maiores quantidades dele, mas seu incremento da utilidade marginal é cada vez menor. [3][4]

Podemos estabelecer, como lei geral, que o grau de utilidade varia com a quantidade de um bem e finalmente diminui na medida em que a quantidade aumenta.
— William Stanley Jevons, Theory of Political Economy (A Teoria da Economia Política), 1871

O consumidor tem satisfação com um bem, mas a unidade seguinte já não lhe proporciona tanto prazer como a anterior. [3][5][4]

O chamado paradoxo da água e do diamante ilustra a importância do conceito de utilidade marginal.[5]

Referências

  1. ↑ David Friedman, Price Theory: An Intermediate Text, Section II, Price = Cost = Value: Competivite Equilibrium in a Simple Economy, Chapter 3, The Consumer: Choice and Indifference Curves, The Consumer I: English Version [em linha]
  2. ↑ Rothbard, Murray. Man, Economy, and State with Power and Market: The Scholar’s Edition. [S.l.: s.n.] 
  3. ↑ a b A Teoria da Economia Política, William Stanley Jevons
  4. ↑ a b Natural Value, Friedrich von Wieser
  5. ↑ a b Principles of Economics, Carl Menger
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