Língua michif

Michif

Michif

Falado(a) em: Canadá, Estados Unidos
Região: comunidades Métis nas Pradarias canadenses, princ.. Manitoba, Saskatchewan noroeste de Ontário e Reserva indígena no Dakota do Norte.
Total de falantes: 725 (2010 & 2011)
Família: mistura Cree–Francês-Métis
 Michif
Códigos de língua
ISO 639-1: --
ISO 639-2: ---
ISO 639-3: crg

Michif (também Mitchif, Mechif, Michif-Cree, Métif, Métchif, Francês Cree) é a língua do povo Métis do Canadá e dos Estados Unidos, pessoas que são os descendentes de Primeiras Nações mulheres (principalmente Cree, Nakota e Ojibwe) e homens trabalhadores de origem europeia do comércio de peles (principalmente canadenses de origem francesa e escocesa). Michif conforme registrado a partir da década de 1970 combinou dois sistemas fonológicos separados: um para elementos de origem francesa e um para elementos de origem Cree (Rhodes 1977, 1986). Por exemplo, / y /, / l /, / r / e / f / existem apenas em palavras francesas, enquanto que oclusivas peé-aspiradas como / ʰt / e / ʰk / existe apenas em palavras Cree. Nesta variedade de Michif, os elementos franceses foram pronunciados de maneiras que têm valores tipicamente canadenses franceses para as vogais, enquanto os elementos Cree possuem valores Cree distintivamente para vogais. No entanto, há alguma influência Cree em palavras francesas no sistema de tonicidade (Rosen 2006). Mas, no ano 2000, havia falantes da Michif que haviam juntado os dois sistemas em um único (Rosen 2007).

Consoantes

Consoantes do Minchif Manitobaf[1]
Labial Labio-dental Alveolar Alveo-palatal Velar Glotal
Oclusivas ʰp p b ʰt t d ʰk k g
Africadas ʰtʃ
Fricativas f v s z ʃ ʒ h
Nasais m n
Líquidas r l
Semivogais w j

Vogais

Michif apresenta quatro vogais orais e quatro nasalizadas.

Orais

Vogais orais do Michif Manitoba[2]
Anterior Central Posterior
Fechada i ɪ y ʊ u
Medial e ɛ œ ɔ o
Aberta a ɑ

Nasais

Correspondentes nasais:

  • /ĩ/
  • /ɛ̃/
  • /ɔ̃/
  • /ɑ̃/

Notas

  1. Rosen 2007:109
  2. Rosen 2008:617

Bibliografia

  • Barkwell, Lawrence J., Leah Dorion, and Audreen Hourie. Métis legacy Michif culture, heritage, and folkways. Métis legacy series, v. 2. Saskatoon: Gabriel Dumont Institute, 2006. ISBN 0-920915-80-9
  • Barkwell, Lawrence J., Leah Dorion and Darren Prefontaine. "Metis Legacy: A Historiography and Annotated Bibliography". Winnipeg: Pemmican Publications Inc. and Saskatoon: Gabriel Dumont Institute, 2001. ISBN 1-894717-03-1
  • Bakker, Peter: Spelling systems for Michif: an overview. In: La Lawng: Michif Peekishkwewin. The Heritage Language of the Canadian Metis. Vol 2: Language Theory. Barkwell, Lawrence (Ed.). Pemmican Publications/Manitoba Métis Federation Michif Language Program, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada: pp. 11‑28, 2004. ISBN 1-894717-28-7
  • Bakker, Peter: The Michif language of the Métis. In: La Lawng: Michif Peekishkwewin. The Heritage Language of the Canadian Metis. Vol 2: Language Theory. Barkwell, Lawrence (Ed.). Pemmican Publications/Manitoba Métis Federation Michif Language Program, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada: pp. 5‑9, 2004. ISBN 1-894717-28-7
  • Bakker, Peter: The verb in Michif. In: La Lawng: Michif Peekishkwewin. The Heritage Language of the Canadian Metis. Vol 2: Language Theory. Barkwell, Lawrence (Ed.). Pemmican Publications/Manitoba Métis Federation Michif Language Program, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada: pp. 63‑80, 2004. ISBN 1-894717-28-7
  • Bakker, Peter: What is Michif? In: La Lawng: Michif Peekishkwewin. The Heritage Language of the Canadian Metis. Vol 1: Language Practice. Barkwell, Lawrence (Ed.). Pemmican Publications/Manitoba Métis Federation Michif Language Program, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada: pp. 5‑7, 2004. ISBN 1-894717-22-8
  • Bakker, Peter; Barkwell, Lawrence: Storytelling and Mythology. In: La Lawng: Michif Peekishkwewin. The Heritage Language of the Canadian Metis. Vol 2: Language Theory. Barkwell, Lawrence (Ed.). Pemmican Publications/Manitoba Métis Federation Michif Language Program, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada: pp. 83‑96, 2004. ISBN 1-894717-28-7
  • Bakker, Peter. 1997. A language of our own: The genesis of Michif, the mixed Cree-French language of the Canadian Métis. New York, Oxford University Press.
  • Bakker, Peter and Robert Papen. 1997. Michif: A mixed language based on Cree and French. In S. Thomason (ed.) Contact languages: A wider perspective. Philadelphia: John Benjamins, p. 295-363.
  • Bloomfield, Leonard (1984) Cree-English Lexicon Human Area Relations Files, New Haven, CT.
  • Evans, Donna. 1982. "On coexistence and convergence of two phonological systems in Michif." Work Papers of the Summer Institute of Linguistics, University of North Dakota Session, 26, p. 158-173.
  • Gillon, Carrie and Nicole Rosen. 2016. Critical mass in Michif. Journal of Pidgin and Creole Languages 31: 113-140.
  • Papen, Robert. 2003. "Michif: One phonology or two?" In Y. Chung, C. Gillon and R. Wokdak (eds) University of British Columbia Working Papers in Linguistics, Vol. 12, Proceedings of the Eighth Workshop on Structure and Constituency in Language of the Americas, p. 47-58.
  • Papen, Robert. 2004. "Michif spelling conventions: Proposal for a unified Michif writing system. In L. Barkwell (ed.) La lawng: Michif peekishkwewin. Winnipeg, MB: Pemmican Publications, p. 29-53.
  • Rhodes, Richard A. 1977. French Cree—a case of borrowing. Actes du Huitième Congrès des Algonquinistes. Wm. Cowan (ed.), Ottawa: Carleton University. p. 6-25.
  • Rhodes, Richard A. 1986. Métif—a second look. Actes du Septième Congrès des Algonquinistes. Wm. Cowan (ed.), Ottawa: Carleton University. p. 287-296.
  • Rhodes, Richard A. 1987. Les Contes Metif—Metif Myths. Papers of the Eighteenth Algonquian Conference. Wm. Cowan (ed.), Ottawa: Carleton University. p. 297-301.
  • Rhodes, Richard A. 1992. Language Shift in Algonquian. International Journal of the Sociology of Language. 93:87-92.
  • Rhodes, Richard A. 2001. Text Strategies in Métchif. Papers of the Thirty-second Algonquian Conference. H. C. Wolfart (ed.), Winnipeg: University of Manitoba. p. 455-469.
  • Rosen, Nicole. 2006. Language Contact and Stress Assignment. Sprachtypologie und Universalienforschung. 59:170-190.
  • Rosen, Nicole. 2007. Domains in Michif Phonology. Ph.D. Thesis. Department of Linguistics. University of Toronto.
  • Papen, Robert. 2005. Le mitchif: langue franco-crie des Plaines. In A. Valdman, J. Auger & D. Piston-Hatlen (eds). Saint-François, QC: Presses de l'Université Laval, p. 327-347.
  • Weaver, Deborah. 1982. Obviation in Michif. Work Papers of the Summer Institute of Linguistics, University of North Dakota Session, 26, p. 174-262.
  • Weaver, Deborah. 1983. The effect of language change and death on obviation in Michif. In W. Cowan (ed.) Actes du Quatorzième Congrès des Algonquinistes. Ottawa: Carleton University Press, p. 261-268.
  • Zoldy, Grace. 2003. The Lord's Prayer. In Li Liivr Oche Michif Ayamiiawina - The Book of Michif Prayers. Camperville Michif Cree Ritual Language Project.

Ligações externas

Read other articles:

Brassicaceae Lunaria rediviva Klasifikasi ilmiah Kerajaan: Plantae Divisi: Magnoliophyta Kelas: Magnoliopsida Ordo: Brassicales Famili: Brassicaceae Genera lihat teks Suku Sawi-sawian, Suku Kubis-kubisan, atau Brassicaceae (atau Cruciferae)[1] ialah salah satu suku anggota tumbuhan berbunga. Dalam keluarga ini terdapat sejumlah jenis sayuran yang banyak berguna bagi kehidupan manusia. Brassicaceae ditemukan di hampir semua zona iklim sedang hingga daerah tropika dan yang paling banya...

 

 

Artikel ini perlu dikembangkan agar dapat memenuhi kriteria sebagai entri Wikipedia.Bantulah untuk mengembangkan artikel ini. Jika tidak dikembangkan, artikel ini akan dihapus. Billy Jahjah Budihardjo atau sering disebut dengan Billy J. Budiarjo adalah seorang musikus dan komponis handal asal Indonesia yang sering bekerja sama dengan para musisi-musisi hebat seperti Ebiet G. Ade, Vina Panduwinata, Iwan Fals, Chrisye, Henry R. Putra hingga James Ingram. Billy J. Budiarjo lahir di Pangkal Pinan...

 

 

هذه قائمة بأسماء النوادي التي لعبت في الدوري الإنجليزي الممتاز في أي موسم من مواسم الدوري منذ أن بدأ في عام 1992 حتى الموسم الحالي. النوادي التي لعبت في الدوري الإنجليزي الممتاز 2019–20 الموسم مكتوبة بالخط العريض.[1] النادي المدينة مجموع المواسم مجموع المراحل أطول فترة أول �...

American politician John M. AshbrookMember of the U.S. House of Representativesfrom Ohio's 17th districtIn officeJanuary 3, 1961 – April 24, 1982Preceded byRobert W. LeveringSucceeded byJean Spencer AshbrookMember of the Ohio House of RepresentativesIn office1957–1961 Personal detailsBornJohn Milan Ashbrook(1928-09-21)September 21, 1928Johnstown, Ohio, U.S.DiedApril 24, 1982(1982-04-24) (aged 53)Newark, Ohio, U.S.Political partyRepublicanSpouses Joan Needels R...

 

 

Artikel ini sebatang kara, artinya tidak ada artikel lain yang memiliki pranala balik ke halaman ini.Bantulah menambah pranala ke artikel ini dari artikel yang berhubungan atau coba peralatan pencari pranala.Tag ini diberikan pada Desember 2008. Gereja tempat kedudukan Patriark Moskwa. Bagian dari serial tentangKekristenan Timur Persekutuan Gereja Ortodoks Timur Gereja Ortodoks Oriental Gereja Katolik Timur Gereja di Timur (Asyur dan Purba) Kristen Spiritual Ritus Bizantin Aleksandria Antiokh...

 

 

Historic church in New York, United States United States historic placeSt. Cecilia ChurchU.S. National Register of Historic PlacesNew York City Landmark (2009)Location112-120 E. 106th St., Manhattan, New York CityCoordinates40°47′32″N 73°56′50″W / 40.79222°N 73.94722°W / 40.79222; -73.94722Built1883-1887 (for church);[1][2][3]ArchitectNapoleon LeBrun & Sons (for church); Neville & Basse; Thomas J. Duff of 348 West 14th Street...

Archaeological site in Connecticut, United States United States historic placeFarwell BarnU.S. National Register of Historic Places Show map of ConnecticutShow map of the United StatesLocationHorsebarn Hill Rd., Mansfield, ConnecticutCoordinates41°49′5″N 72°15′15″W / 41.81806°N 72.25417°W / 41.81806; -72.25417Area25 acres (10 ha)Builtc. 1870, 1913–1915NRHP reference No.00001649[1]Added to NRHPJanuary 26, 2001 The Farwell Barn, also ...

 

 

Olympic athletics event Men's hammer throwat the Games of the XXXI OlympiadDilshod Nazarov (2017)VenueEstádio Olímpico João HavelangeDates17–19 August 2016Competitors32 from 24 nationsWinning distance78.68Medalists Dilshod Nazarov  Tajikistan Ivan Tsikhan  Belarus Wojciech Nowicki  Poland← 20122020 → Athletics at the2016 Summer OlympicsQualificationTrack events100 mmenwomen200 mmenwomen400 mmenwomen800 mmenwomen1500 mmenwomen5000 mmenwomen10...

 

 

Universal Music Group Tipo Empresa de capital abiertoSímbolo bursátil Euronext: UMGISIN NL0015000IY2Industria MúsicaEntretenimientoForma legal naamloze vennootschapFundación 1934 (90 años) (como Decca Records USA)Fundador Music Corporation of AmericaSede central Santa Mónica, California Estados UnidosÁrea de operación mundialProductos músicaIngresos 5 673 000 000 eurosBeneficio neto 970 000 000 dólares estadounidensesPropietario Vivendi, Tence...

This article has multiple issues. Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page. (Learn how and when to remove these template messages) A major contributor to this article appears to have a close connection with its subject. It may require cleanup to comply with Wikipedia's content policies, particularly neutral point of view. Please discuss further on the talk page. (July 2011) (Learn how and when to remove this message) This article is an orphan, as no other articles link ...

 

 

Buffalo Common CouncilTypeTypeUnicameral Term limitsNoneHistoryFounded1832LeadershipPresident of the Common CouncilChristopher P. Scanlon, (D) since January 2, 2024 Majority LeaderLeah M. Halton-Pope, (D) President Pro TemporeBryan J. Bollman, (D) StructureSeats9Political groups Majority   Democratic (9)Length of term4 YearsSalary$84,472ElectionsVoting systemFirst-past-the-postLast electionNovember 7, 2023Next electionNovember 2027Meeting placeBuffalo City HallWebsiteBuf...

 

 

Faouzi Benzarti Benzarti nel 2014 Nazionalità  Tunisia Calcio Ruolo Allenatore Squadra  Wydad Casablanca CarrieraSquadre di club1 1968-1978 Monastir? (?)Carriera da allenatore 1979-1982 Monastir1986-1987 Étoile du Sahel1989-1990 Club Africain1991-1992 Étoile du Sahel1992-1993 Monastir1993-1994 Espérance1994 Tunisia1995-1996 Sfaxien1999-2000 Club Africain2002-2003 Stade Tunisien2003 Espérance2005-2006 Monastir2006-2007...

SlackwareSlackware 15.0Perusahaan / pengembangPatrick VolkerdingKeluargaLinux, mirip UnixStatus terkiniAktifModel sumberSumber terbuka, perangkat lunak bebasRilis perdana16 Juli 1993; 30 tahun lalu (1993-07-16)Rilis stabil terkini15.0 / 2 Februari 2022; 2 tahun lalu (2022-02-02)Metode pemutakhiranpkgtools, slackpkgManajer paketpkgtools, slackpkgDukungan platformIA-32, x86-64, ARM, S/390Kernel typeKernel monolitik (Linux)Antarmuka bawaanBash, KDE Plasma Desktop atau XfceLisensiL...

 

 

City in Oregon, United StatesRedmondCityRedmond, OregonBusiness Highway 97 in Redmond SealNickname(s): The Hub and Central PlazaMotto: The Heart of Central OregonLocation in OregonCoordinates: 44°16′8″N 121°11′1″W / 44.26889°N 121.18361°W / 44.26889; -121.18361CountryUnited StatesStateOregonCountyDeschutesIncorporated1910Government • TypeCouncil-manager • MayorEd FitchArea[1] • City18.36 sq mi...

 

 

Sulalatu'l-Salatin atau Sulalatus Salatin (Jawi: سلالة السلاطين, secara harfiah bermaksud Penurunan segala raja-raja)[1] merupakan karya dalam Bahasa Melayu dan menggunakan Abjad Jawi. Karya tulis ini memiliki sekurang-kurangnya 29 versi atau manuskrip yang tersebar di antara lain di Inggris (10 di London, 1 di Manchester), Belanda (11 di Leiden, 1 di Amsterdam), Indonesia (5 di Jakarta), dan 1 di Rusia (di Leningrad). Sulalatu'l-Salatin bergaya penulisan seperti babad, d...

University of LeónUniversidad de LeónMottoUniversitas legionensisTypePublicEstablished1979Endowment€ 97 million[1]PresidentJuan Francisco García MarínAcademic staff950Administrative staff2,034Students12,643 (2010-11)[2]Undergraduates8,739Postgraduates488Doctoral students1,172[3]LocationLeón, Province of León, SpainCampusUrban, 0.5 km2.ColorsRed and Green    Websitewww.unileon.es The University of León is a Spanish public university with campus i...

 

 

La Madeleine-BouvetcomuneLa Madeleine-Bouvet – Veduta LocalizzazioneStato Francia Regione Normandia Dipartimento Orne ArrondissementMortagne-au-Perche CantoneBretoncelles TerritorioCoordinate48°28′N 0°54′E48°28′N, 0°54′E (La Madeleine-Bouvet) Superficie12,71 km² Abitanti413[1] (2009) Densità32,49 ab./km² Altre informazioniCod. postale61110 Fuso orarioUTC+1 Codice INSEE61241 CartografiaLa Madeleine-Bouvet Sito istituzionaleModifica dati su Wikidata&...

 

 

2021 film False PositiveOfficial posterDirected byJohn LeeScreenplay by John Lee Ilana Glazer Story by John Lee Ilana Glazer Alissa Nutting Produced by Ilana Glazer John Lee Jonathan Wang Allison Rose Carter Starring Ilana Glazer Justin Theroux Pierce Brosnan CinematographyPawel PogorzelskiEdited byJon PhilpotMusic by Yair Elazar Glotman Lucy Railton ProductioncompanyA24Distributed byHuluRelease dates June 18, 2021 (2021-06-18) (Tribeca) June 25, 2021 (2021-0...

Province of MagdeburgProvinz Magdeburg (German)Province of Prussia1944–1945The Province of Magdeburg in 1944.CapitalMagdeburgArea • 1933a11,587.87 km2 (4,474.10 sq mi)Population • 1933a 1.303.848 Government • TypeProvinceHigh President • 1944–1945 Rudolf Jordan Historical eraWorld War II• Established 1 July 1944• Disestablished 23 July 1945 Preceded by Succeeded by Province of Saxony Saxony-Anhalt (1945–1...

 

 

Guangzhou Metro station Tuanyida Square团一大广场Chinese nameSimplified Chinese团一大广场站Traditional Chinese團一大廣場站TranscriptionsStandard MandarinHanyu PinyinTuányīdà Guǎngchǎng ZhànYue: CantoneseJyutpingtyun4jat1daai6 gwong2coeng4 zaam6 General informationLocationDongyuan Cross Road (东园横路) and South Yuexiu Road (越秀南路) / Yicui Road (挹翠路)Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, GuangdongChinaOperated byGuangzhou Metro Co. Ltd.Line(s)  ...