Língua lushootseed

Lushootseed
Falado(a) em: Canadá, Estados Unidos
Região: sul da Colúmbia Britânica e norte de Washington (EUA)
Total de falantes: 200
Família: Salish
 Salish Litoral
  Lushootseed
Códigos de língua
ISO 639-1: --
ISO 639-2: ---
ISO 639-3: vários:
lut — Lushootseed
slh — Southern Puget Sound Salish
ska — Skagit
sno — Snohomish

Lushootseed (ou xʷəlšucid, dxʷləšúcid, Puget Salish, Puget Sound Salish, Skagit-Nisqually) é uma língua ou um “continuum’ de dialetos de muitos dos Salishes. Um dos modernos povos nativos dos Estados Unidos do estado de Washington, o Lushootseed faz parte das línguas Salish do Litoral uma das duas grandes divisões das línguas salish.

Lushootseed, assim como a vizinha língua twana, está no subgrupo linguistico da família Salish. Era falada pelos povos nativos de Puget Sound, incluindo as tribos Duwamih,Steilacoom, Suquamish, Squaxin Island, Muckleshoot, Nisqually e Puyallup no sul e as tribos Snohomish, Stillaguamish, Skagit, Swinomish no norte.

Ethnologue registra a existência de tão somente 60 falantes fluentes da língua, igualmente divididas entre os dois dialetos, do Sul e do Norte. [1]. Por outro lado, a lista Ethnologue das línguas dos Estados Unidos inclui junto com os 60 falantes do Lushootseed, 100 da língua Skagit, 107 do Salish do Sul de Puget Sound e 10 da Salish e 10 da Snohomish (um dialeto intermediário entre os do sul e norte). [2]

Subdivisões

Lushootseed tem dois grupos básicos de sub-dialetos:

  • Lushootseed Norte
    • Snohomish (tribo) (em Tulalip, Washington
    • Stillaguamish (tribo
    • Baixo Skagit-Swinomish (no Rio Skagit River e na Ilha Whidbey)
    • Alto Skagit (tribo)[3]
    • Sauk-Suiattle (nos Rio Sauk e Suiattle (Washington)
  • Lushootseed
    • Skykomish Sul
    • Snoqualmie (tribo)
    • Steilacoom (tribo)
    • Suquamish
    • Duwamish (tribo)
    • bǝqǝlšuɫucid (Língua Muckleshoot) (nos Rios Green e White)
    • txʷǝlšucid (Língua oficial da Tribo Puyallup)
    • Nisqually (tribo)
    • Sahewamish

A distinção entre Norte e Sul tem como base características der vocabulário e de fonética.

Alfabeto

Conforme os trabalhos de Vi Hilbert e outros estudiosos do Lushootseed, a usa um sistema de escrita morfo-fonêmico, ou seja, se trata de uma escrita fonêmica com ligeiras modificações ocorrendo periodicamente, por exemplo com a adesão de afixos. A tabela a seguir se baseia no Dicionário Lushootseed, onde variações de tipografia do tipo p' ou p̓ não implicam em distinções de sons.

Letra Nome da letra IPA Notas
ʔ Glotal oclusiva /ʁˀ/
a /ɑ/
b /b/
b' B glotalizado /ɓ/ Som raro, nunca inicia palavras
c /t͡s/
C glotalizado /tsˀ/
č c-”com bráquia” /c͡ç/
čʼ Glotalizado c-”com bráquia” /t͡sʼ/
d /d/
dᶻ d-raised-z /dz/
ə Schwa /ə~əʲ/
g /g/
g-elevado-w /gʷ/
h /hʼ/
i /ɪ~i/
j j-”com bráquia” /ɟ͡ʝ/
k /k/
k' Glotalizado k /kʼ/
k-elevado-w /kʷ/
k'ʷ Glotalizado k c/elevado-w /kʼʷ/
l /l/
ľ l estrito /ľ/
ɫ L Barrado /ɫ/
ƛʼ Glotalizado Lambda barrado /ƛʼ/ Ejetiva lateral – sonora – alveolar africada
m /m/
m' M - estrito /m̥ ̰ / Laringealizado – Bilabial Nasal
n /n/
n' N - estrito /n̥ ̰/ Laringealizado – Alveolar Nasal
p /p/
p' P Glotalizado /pʼ/
q /q/
q' Q Glotalizado /qʼ/
Q c/ w-elevado /qʷ/
qʼʷ Q Glotalizado c/ w elevado /qʼʷ/
s /s/
š s-”com bráquia” /ç~ɕ/
t /t/
t' T Glotalizado /tʼ/
u /ʉ/
w /w~ʋ/
w' W - estrito /w ̰/ Laringealizado – Glide “arredondado” posterior alta
x-w /xʷ/
x-”em bráquia” /χ/
x̌ʷ Rounded x-”em bráquia” /χʷ/
y /j/
y' Y - estritoy /j ̰/

Vocabulário

Vocabulário Salmonídeo de Lushootseed Sul

sčədadxʷ
Palavra que cobre todos os tipos de Salmão do Pacífico e algumas espécies de Truta..
sac̓əb
Chinook ou King
cʼuwad
sockeye (Salmão)
skʷǝxʷic
coho (Salmão)
ƛ̕xʷayʼ
chum (Salmão)
hədu
(Salmão) rosado
skʷawǝľ
steelhead
pədkʷəxʷic
Estação do “coho”.
sc̓ayʼayʼ
guelras
ɫičaʔa
redes
ɫičaʔalikʷ
pesca do redes
ʔalil tiʔiɫ ƛ̕usq̓íl
estação da desova
skʷǝɫt
nadadeira (cauda)
t̓altəd
Faca de filetar
sqʼʷəlus
seco e conservado(Salmão)
səlusqid
cabeça de peixe
qəlx̌
ovas secas (Salmão)
ƛ̕ǝbƛ̕əbqʷ
ovas frescas
sɫuʔb
chum (Salmão) secos
sxʷudᶻəʔdaliɫəd
peixe com muita gordura
xʷšabus
ligeiramente defumado

Vocabulário Salomonídeo de Lushootseed Norte

sʔuladxʷ
a word that covers all Pacific (Salmão) and some species of trout.
yubəč
Chinook ou King
scəqiʔ
sockeye (Salmão)
ƛ̕xʷayʔ
chum (Salmão)
skʷəxʷic
prateado (Salmão)

Vocabulário Aquático de Lushootseed Norte

qalʼqaləx̌ič
Peixe Negro – Baleia Assassina
čəxʷəluʔ
Baleia Cinzenta
sq̓aƛ̕
Foca
sup̓qs
Foca “seal”
sťəqxʷ
Castor
sqibk̕ʷ
Polvo
ʔaləšək
Tartaruga do Oeste
waq̓waq̓
Sapo
sk̕ʷic̕i
ouriço do mar
təǰabac
Pepino do Mar
q̓ʷəlačiʔ
Peixe estrala
bəsqʷ
Siri
ťaɫiɡʷs
Rock Cod
p̓uay̓
Linguado
kəlapx̌ʷəlč
Medusa
sʔax̌ʷuʔ
Amêijoa
tulqʷ
Sururu
ƛ̕ux̌ʷƛ̕ux̌ʷ
Ostra
c̕ubc̕ub
Ciripedia
sx̌aʔaʔ
Bivalve de longo pescoço
xʷč́iɫqs
Ostra nativa grande
ɡʷidəq
Panopea generosa
stxʷub
Amêijoa Manteiga
sx̌əpab
Amêijoa Bivalve
haʔəc
Amêijoa Cavalo
č́ič́əlpyaqid or puʔps
Caramujo
sč́awyʔ
Qualquer concha
ʔuk̕ʷs
Sururu grande
x̌ald
Sururu pequeno


Notas

  1. .Ethnologue - Salish
  2. .Lista Ethnologue para EUA
  3. Van Eijk, Jan. The Lillooet Language: Phonology, Morphology, Syntax, UBC Press, 1985, p.xxiv.

Bibliografia

Bates, D., Hess, T., & Hilbert, V. (1994). Lushootseed dictionary. Seattle: University of Washington Press.

Externas

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