Kalokagathia

Kalokagathia (καλοκαγαθία) é um conceito grego derivado da expressão kalos kai agathos (καλός και αγαθός), que significa literalmente belo e bom, ou belo e virtuoso.

Era como a antiga aristocracia ateniense se referia a si própria. O adjetivo kalos compreendia os conceitos de bondade, nobreza e beleza, e podia ser usado na descrição de seres animados ou inanimados. Agathos era usado sem conotações físicas ou estéticas, mas descrevia a ética ou a bravura de uma pessoa. Em torno do século IV a.C. adquiriu um significado político e implicava o dever da cidadania.[1] Há, todavia, a interpretação de que Agathos poderia ser traduzido como o estado de "sentir-se bem" (e não como o bem ou o bom).[2]

Platão imaginava kalokagathia como a soma de todas as virtudes, e em seu sentido original estava associada a privilégios de classe aristocráticos, mas Aristóteles a definia como uma alta capacidade intelectual, embora dizendo ser necessário que essa mente cultivada fosse subsidiada por uma posse cabal da aretê, virtude que não se referia apenas à ética mas à excelência em todos os sentidos — também no corporal — e à capacidade de viver de acordo com as máximas potencialidades da pessoa. Seja como for, com sua origem aristocrática, foi um conceito que permaneceu válido durante toda a república, e fundamentou toda a cultura grega antiga.[1] O belo e o bom são conceitos recorrentes nos diálogos platônicos e fundamentais para a sua Teoria das Formas,[3][4] cujo ápice, segundo Platão em A República 6:505a e 7:517b-c[5][6], é a Ideia do Bem.

Ver também

Referências

  1. ↑ a b Jaeger, Werner. Paideia, The Ideals of Greek Culture. Oxford University Press, 1939. pp. 15; 319; 420
  2. ↑ SOUZA, J. L. L. DE (27 de março de 2020). «Uma tradução para o Agathos grego». Revista Filosofia e Educação - Departamento de Filosofia e História da Educação (Defhe), Faculdade de Educação da Universidade Estadual de Campinas (Unicamp). Consultado em 12 de abril de 2020 
  3. ↑ Riegel, Nicholas (2014). «Bondade e beleza em Platão» (PDF). Revista Archai - As Origens do Pensamento Ocidental. jan - jun (12): 147-158. ISSN 1984-249X. doi:10.14195/1984-249x_12_15 
  4. ↑ Pappas, Nickolas (2017). Zalta, Edward N., ed. «Plato's Aesthetics». Metaphysics Research Lab, Stanford University 
  5. ↑ República 6:505a
  6. ↑ República 7:517b

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