Julia Morgan

Julia Morgan
Julia Morgan
Foto por volta de 1926 da arquiteta norte-americana Julia Morgan.
Nascimento 20 de janeiro de 1872
San Francisco
Morte 2 de fevereiro de 1957 (85 anos)
San Francisco
Ocupação Arquiteta
Principais trabalhos Hearst Castle
Prémios Medalha de Ouro da AIA (2014)

Julia Morgan (San Francisco, 20 de janeiro de 1872, San Francisco, 2 de fevereiro de 1957) foi uma arquiteta norte-americana. Foi a primeira mulher a ingressar no programa de arquitetura da École nationale supérieure des Beaux-Arts em Paris, e a primeira mulher a exercer arquitetura na Califórnia. Desenhou mais de 700 edifícios na Califórnia,[1] mas a sua magnum opus é o Hearst Castle em San Simeon. Ao longo da carreira foram muitos os edifícios que desenhou para instituições de serviço a meninas e mulheres.

Biografia

Fez os estudos primários na Oakland High School. Concluiu o curso em 1890 e o seu interesse pelas matemáticas levou-a a inscrever-se na faculdade de Engenharia da Universidade de Berkeley. O seu mestre, o arquiteto Bernard Maybeck, conseguiu para Julia e para outros nove estudantes destacados, uma bolsa de estudo na Escola de Belas Artes de Paris. Este foi o início da grande carreira de Julia Morgan.

O Hearst Castle é a obra mais conhecida de Julia Morgan

Chegada a Paris em 1896, aprendeu francês e foi aprovada nos exames de entrada dois anos depois, convertendo-se na primeira mulher arquiteta do mundo. Diplomada em 1902, nesse mesmo ano regressou aos Estados Unidos, à região da Bay Area e começou a sua carreira como assistente de John Galen Howard. Desenhou o Hearst Greek Theater da Universidade de Berkeley. No entanto, queria mais independência e em 1904 obteve a licença do estado da Califórnia, onde abriu o seu primeiro atelier no número 456 da rua Montgomery, em San Francisco, mas o edifício foi destruído pelo sismo de San Francisco de 1906 e associou-se à segunda arquiteta da história, Ira Wilson Hoover. Foi em 1910, quando obteve a sua total independência.

Durante os seus 50 anos de carreira, desenhou mais de 700 edifícios, como o Merrill Hall, a residência Heritage Reiterement Community, a Derge House, a Roman Pool do Hearst Castle e numerosos edifícios públicos e residenciais. O seu primeiro projeto de grande envergadura foi a reconstrução do edifício do Hotel Fairmont, danificado pelo sismo de 1906. Posteriormente trabalha para a associação feminina YWCA. Manteve uma forte e longa relação com W. R. Hearst, que a contratou como arquiteta privada em 1919.

Julia Morgan é a primeira mulher a receber a Medalha de Ouro da AIA, concedida postumamente em 2014.[2]

Ver também

Wikiquote
Wikiquote
O Wikiquote possui citações de ou sobre: Julia Morgan

Referências

  1. ↑ Davies, Stacy (11 de outubro de 2007). «Best Architectural Wonder—The Riverside Art Museum» (PDF). Inland Empire Weekly. Alternative Weekly Network. p. 21. Consultado em 13 de outubro de 2007 
  2. ↑ Wendy Moonan: "AIA Awards 2014 Gold Medal to Julia Morgan", in the Architectural Record, 16 December 2013

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