John Howe (puritano)

John Howe
John Howe (puritano)
Nascimento 17 de maio de 1630
Loughborough
Morte 2 de abril de 1705 (74 anos)
Londres
Cidadania Reino da Inglaterra
Filho(a)(s) George Howe
Alma mater
Ocupação teólogo
Religião presbiterianismo

John Howe (17 de maio de 1630 – 2 de abril de 1705) foi um teólogo presbiteriano puritano inglês. Por um breve período, serviu como capelão no governo republicano do Lorde Protetor Oliver Cromwell.

Vida

Howe nasceu em Loughborough. Aos cinco anos de idade, Howe mudou-se à Irlanda com seu pai, tendo-se separado de seu pai após determinação de William Laud. Retornou à Inglaterra em 1641 e estabeleceu-se, com seu pai, em Lancaster.

Ele estudou no Christ's College, da Universidade de Cambridge,[1] e no Magdalen College, da Universidade de Oxford. Bacharelou-se em 1650 e concluiu seu mestrado em 1652, períodos em que fora bolsista e capelão da faculdade.

Em Cambridge, John Howe ficou sob os cuidados de Ralph Cudworth e Henry More, de quem provavelmente recebeu o tom platônico, que são a marca de seus escritos. Por volta de 1654 foi nomeado curador perpétuo de Great Torrington, no condado de Devon. Neste local, segundo seu próprio depoimento, ocupava-se no púlpito nos dias de jejum das nove às quatro, com intervalo de quinze minutos, durante os quais o povo cantava.

Numa visita a Londres, em 1656, Oliver Cromwell convenceu-o a pregar em Whitehall, com o resultado de que John Howe, tornou-se um dos capelães de Cromwell. Após a retirada de Richard Cromwell, do cargo de Lorde Protetor (O Protetorado), ele retornou à sua antiga paróquia em Torrington .

Com a aprovação do Ato de Uniformidade de 1662, ele deixou sua igreja, mas permaneceu por algum tempo na vizinhança, pregando em casas particulares. Nesse período, ele apresentou-se perante o Bispo de Exeter, seu velho amigo Seth Ward, que em vão instou Howe a ser reordenado.

Em 1666, Howe acatou a Lei das Cinco Milhas, mas com a ressalva: "na medida em que as leis do homem estejam de acordo com a Palavra de Deus". Em 1671 tornou-se capelão de Lord Massereene, do Castelo de Antrim, na Irlanda. Fora o precursor da organização presbiteriana na Irlanda.

No ano de 1676, retornou a Londres como sucessor de Lazarus Seaman no Haberdashers' Hall. Em 1686 instalou-se em Utrecht.

Quando o rei Jaime II emitiu sua declaração pela liberdade de consciência, em 1687, Howe retornou ao seu antigo cargo em Londres. Desde então até a sua morte, ele teve um interesse ativo nas discussões atuais sobre a predestinação, a Trindade e a conformidade.

Em 1688 chefiou uma delegação de ministros dissidentes num discurso de boas-vindas ao rei Guilherme de Orange. Ele morreu em Londres.

Escritos principais

  • A Bem-Aventurança dos Justos (Londres, 1668)
  • Deleitando-se em Deus (1674), (LB Seeley & Son, 1825)
  • The Living Temple (2 partes, 1675-1702), seu livro mais conhecido
  • As lágrimas do Redentor choraram pelas almas perdidas (1684) [2]
  • Obras publicadas com Life por Edmund Calamy (2 vols., 1724) e editadas por J. Hunt (8 vols., 1810–22). Há também uma edição americana (2 vols., Nova York, 1869).

Bibliografia

  • H. Rogers, Life and Character of John Howe, Londres, reimpresso em 1879.

Referências

  1. ↑ John Howe (puritano)" in J. Venn e J. A. Venn, Alumni Cantabrigienses. 10 vols. (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1922–1958) ACAD - A Cambridge Alumni Database
  2. ↑ Howe & Gordon 1822.

Fontes

Ligações externas

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