Ipecacuanha

Como ler uma infocaixa de taxonomiaIpecacuanha

Classificação científica
Reino: Plantae
Divisão: Magnoliophyta
Classe: Magnoliopsida
Ordem: Rubiales
Família: Rubiaceae
Género: Psychotria
Espécie: P. ipecacuanha
Nome binomial
Psychotria ipecacuanha
Sinónimos
Carapichea ipecacuanha, Callicocca ipecacuanha, Cephaelis ipecacuanha, Evea ipecacuanha, Uragoga ipecacuanha
Commons
Commons
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Wikispecies
Wikispecies
O Wikispecies tem informações sobre: Ipecacuanha

A ipecacuanha (Psychotria ipecacuanha), também chamada cagosanga, poaia, raiz-do-brasil[1] e ipeca, é uma planta da família Rubiaceae, muito comum nos solos das florestas dos estados da Bahia e de Mato Grosso, no Brasil[1].

Etimologia

"Ipecacuanha" vem do termo tupi ipega'kwãi, que significa "pênis de pato"[1]. "Poaia" vem do tupi pu'aya[2].

História e utilização

Os primeiros usos dessa planta, vieram dos povos indígenas brasileiros. Atualmente, os povos Tapeba e Tremembés, no Ceará, ainda usam tradicionalmente essa planta na sua medicina, tendo uso principalmente em feridas ou problemas urinários.[3][4]

As suas raízes contêm um poderoso emético (estimulante do reflexo do vómito) denominado "emetina"[1] ou "ipecacuanha". Foi introduzida na Europa em 1672 por Legros, um viajante na América do Sul. Foi usada no tratamento da disenteria e vendida pelo médico francês Adrien Helvetius sob licença de Luis XIV. Hoje em dia, os fármacos purificados cefaleína e emetina ainda são usados como eméticos. Eles estimulam o centro neuronal vomitivo (área postrema medular). A emetina também é usada contra amebíase, pois atua como limitador na formação das proteínas, além de efeitos circulatórios. Por volta de 1930, foi sintetizado a dehidroemetina (diferente da primeira apenas por uma dupla ligação próxima a um radical etil), que possui menos efeitos colaterais.

Segundo Cristina Brandt Friedrich, que fez uma pesquisa sobre a influência das doenças trazidas por colonizadores na formação do Brasil, de todo conhecimento da flora medicinal indígena, ipecacuanha, também conhecida como “planta de doente de estrada”, foi a planta que mais interessou aos europeus por ser usada como purgativo e antídoto para qualquer veneno.[5].

Abuso

O xarope da planta, chamado xarope de ipeca, já foi usado por bulímicos a fim de induzir o vômito, mas o seu uso repetido causa acumulação no fígado e problemas no músculo cardíaco.

Referências

  1. ↑ a b c d FERREIRA, A. B. H. Novo dicionário da língua portuguesa. Segunda edição. Rio de Janeiro. Nova Fronteira. 1986. p. 966.
  2. ↑ FERREIRA, A. B. H. Novo dicionário da língua portuguesa. Segunda edição. Rio de Janeiro. Nova Fronteira. 1986. p. 1 350.
  3. ↑ Morais, Selene Maia de; Dantas, Joana D'arc Pereira; Silva, Ana Raquel Araújo da; Magalhães, Everaldo Farias (junho de 2005). «Plantas medicinais usadas pelos índios Tapebas do Ceará». Revista Brasileira de Farmacognosia: 169–177. ISSN 0102-695X. doi:10.1590/S0102-695X2005000200017. Consultado em 28 de maio de 2024 
  4. ↑ Fonteles, José (2014). «Medicina Tradicional do Povo Tremembé» (PDF). Universidade Federal do Ceará. Consultado em 20 de outubro de 2024 
  5. ↑ Livro revela papel de doenças (e curas) na formação do país. http://www.controversia.com.br/index.php?act=textos&id=8830
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