Imperium

Roma Antiga
Imperium
Este artigo é parte da série: Política e governo da Roma Antiga
Períodos
Reino de Roma
753 a.C. – 509 a.C.

República Romana
509 a.C. – 27 a.C.
Império Romano
27 a.C. – 395
Império Ocidental
395 – 476
Império Oriental
395 – 1453
Principado Dominato

Constituição romana
Constituição do Reino

Constituição da República
Constituição do Império
Constituição do Dominato

Assembleias
Senado

Assembleias Legislativas

Magistrado romano
Cursus honorum
Magistrados Ordinários

Tribuno da plebe

Promagistrado

Magistrados extraordinários

Funcionários impériais
Títulos e Honras
Imperator

Honras

Precedente e Lei
Direito romano * Conflito das Ordens
Prefeituras
Modificar

Imperium era a palavra latina que designava o conceito romano de autoridade; o termo "império", em português, está diretamente relacionado ao termo.[1] É a personificação, no magistrado, da supremacia do Estado, supremacia que exige a obediência de todo o cidadão ou súbdito, mas está limitada pelos direitos essenciais do cidadão ou pelas garantias individuais concedidas por lex publica ("lei pública"). O imperium compreende o poder de tomar auspícios, mesmo fora de Roma; o poder de levantar tropas e comandá-las; o direito de apresentar propostas aos comícios; a faculdade de deter e punir os cidadãos culpados e a administração da justiça nos assuntos privados.

Os detentores do imperium tinham o poder de executar ordens e, para simbolizá-lo, eram escoltados por lictores com bastões enfeitados com fasces (feixes) de cereais. Esta dignidade só era válida fora da cidade de Roma. As magistraturas romanas se classificam em magistraturas cum imperium e sine imperium. Eram magistraturas cum imperium o consulado, a pretura, a ditadura, o tribunato militar consulari potestate. Sine imperium, as demais. O grau de autoridade variava com o cargo ocupado e era demonstrado pelo número de lictores que constituíam a escolta. Assim, eram devidos:

Homens que detivessem nomeações como procônsul ou propretor também detinham imperium. Por vezes, o senado atribuía temporariamente lictores (mas não imperium) a algumas figuras públicas, como forma de homenagem ou para proteção, como no caso das Vestais que poderiam ser protegidas por um lictor.

Dentro do pomerium, a fronteira simbólica da cidade de Roma, os lictores removiam os feixes dos bastões, simbolizando a perda de imperium do seu senhor. Apenas a um ditador era permitida a autoridade dentro da cidade.

Na antiga constituição romana o Imperium era conferido aos reis depois de terem sido eleitos. Desde a época da monarquia até à época republicana de Cicero, o Imperium parece ter sido conferido através da Lex Curiata.

Ver também

Referências

  1. ↑ Este artigo incorpora texto da Catholic Encyclopedia, publicação de 1913 em domínio público.

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