Ieronim Uborevich

Ieronim Uborevich
Ieronim Uborevich
Nascimento 14 de janeiro de 1896
Antandraja
Morte 12 de junho de 1937 (41 anos)
Moscovo
Cidadania Império Russo, República Socialista Federativa Soviética da Rússia, República do Extremo Oriente, União Soviética
Alma mater
  • Constantine Artillery School
Ocupação militar
Distinções
Serviço militar
Lealdade União Soviética
Comando Belorussian Military District
Condecorações

Ieronim Petrovich Uborevich (em lituano: Jeronimas Uborevičius; 14 de janeiro de 1896 - 12 de junho de 1937) foi um comandante militar soviético do Exército Vermelho, durante a Guerra Civil Russa. Ele alcançou o posto de Comandante do Exército, 1º Grau, equivalente ao de General do Exército, depois que as antigas fileiras imperiais foram reintroduzidas, em 1940. Ele foi executado em junho de 1937, e reabilitado postumamente em 1957.[1]

Juventude

Uborevich nasceu em uma família de agricultores lituanos, em Užpaliai. De 1909 a 1914 ele estudou em uma escola secundária em Daugavpils, na Letônia, e entre 1914 e 1915 frequentou o Politécnico de Petrogrado, na Rússia. Ele se juntou à Escola de Artilharia Konstantinovskoie, em 1915, graduando-se em 1916 e se juntando ao Exército Imperial Russo.

Carreira militar

Uborevich iniciou sua carreira militar durante a Primeira Guerra Mundial, servindo como oficial subalterno no Exército Imperial Russo. Ele se juntou ao Partido Bolchevique em março de 1917, e em janeiro do ano seguinte ele comandou um destacamento de Guardas Vermelhos na Bielorrússia. Capturado pelos alemães, Uborevich conseguiu escapar. Durante a Guerra Civil Russa, ele serviu em uma variedade de postos de comando no Exército Vermelho, comandando o 5.º, 9.º, 13.º e 14.º Exércitos. Ele lutou ao lado de Mikhail Tukhachevski na Guerra Polaco-Soviética, e na repressão à Rebelião de Tambov, em 1921. Em 1922 ele tornou-se Ministro da Guerra da República do Extremo Oriente, um estado-tampão de curta sobrevida, entre a Rússia Soviética e o Japão.

Em 1925, Uborevich tornou-se comandante do Distrito Militar do Cáucaso Norte e, em 1928, do Distrito Militar de Moscou. Ele serviu como Chefe de Armamentos do Exército Vermelho, de 1928 a 1931, e vice-presidente do Conselho Militar Revolucionário, de 1930 a 1931. De 1931 a 1937, ele foi comandante do Distrito Militar da Bielorrússia, um dos dois (juntamente com o Distrito Militar de Kiev) comandos-chave que mais tarde suportariam o peso de toda guerra soviética ao longo de sua fronteira ocidental.

Grande Expurgo

Uborevich foi preso durante o Grande Expurgo do Exército Vermelho, e em maio de 1937, ele foi julgado pelo NKVD em um evento conhecido como Caso da Organização Militar Anti-Soviética Trotskista. Ele foi executado em junho de 1937, e reabilitado postumamente em 1957.

Referências

  1. «Ieronim Uborevich». ISNI. Consultado em 1 de novembro de 2020 
  • Voennyi entsiklopedicheskii slovar '(Moscou, 1984)
  • Grazhdanskaia voina i voennaia interventsiia / SSSR: Entsiklopediia (Moscou, 1983).
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